Jatropha cinerea seed oil as a potential non-conventional feedstock for biodiesel produced by an ultrasonic process
Aceite de semillas de Jatropha cinerea como fuente potencial no convencional de biodiesel obtenido por ultrasonido
S. Soto-León1, E. López-Camacho2, J. Milán-Carrillo1, M.A. Sánchez-Castillo3, E. Cuevas-Rodríguez1, L.A. Picos-Corrales1 and I. Contreras-Andrade1*
1 Programa Regional de Posgrado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Blvd. Américas y Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacán, Sinaloa. * Autor para la correspondencia. E-mail: ica@uas.edu.mx Tel. +52(667) 713-7860, Ext. 156.
2 Escuela de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México.
]]> 3 Coordinación para la Innovación y la Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, México.
Received November 23, 2013;
Accepted March 12, 2014.
Abstract
This work demonstrates that Jatropha cinerea (J. cinerea) seed oil has potential as a new, non-conventional, bio-energy resource. The physical and chemical properties of J. cinerea seeds, collected from its natural habit, were evaluated. The length-, diameter- and weight- of seeds were in the ranges of 8 to 12 mm, 7.5 to 11 mm, and 0.2 to 0.7 g, respectively. Additionally, the amount of oil in the seed kernel was 65.77 wt.%, and it contained 15*% saturated, 33% monounsaturated, and 51% polyunsaturated fatty acids. The major constituent (50 .8 wt%) of crude J. cinerea oil was linoleic acid. Based on its content of phorbol esters (0.22 mg g-1), J. cinerea was considered to be a non-toxic Jatropha species. Iodine, saponification, and acid values of the J. cinerea seed oil were similar to those of the J. curcas seeds oil; therefore, it was suggested that J. cinerea oil had the quality required for biodiesel production from J. cinerea seeds oil was produced by a sonotransesterification process, evaluating the effect of the methanol: oil molar ratio (MOR), temperature, and reaction time. The best conditions for biodtesel production were 25°C, a MOR of 4:1, and a notably short reaction time of 20 s. These conditions were very advantageous as compared to those required by conventional processes, and very promising for the development of a low cost biodiesel production process using J. cinerea seed oil as a feedstock.
Keywords: biofuel, biodiesel, Jatropha, Jatropha cinerea, ultrasonic process, transesterification.
Resumen
]]> En este trabajo se demuestra que el aceite de las semillas de Jatropha cinerea (J. cinerea ) tienen un potencial como materia prima no convencional para la producción de biodiesel. Se evaluaron las propiedades fisicoquímicas de las semillas J. cinerea recolectadas de su hábitat natural en las costas de Sinaloa. Se encontró que la longitud, diámetro y peso característicos de las semillas estuvieron en los intervalos de 8 a 12 mm, 7.5 a 11 mm, y de 0.2 a 0.7 g, respectivamente. Además, la cantidad de aceite en la almendra de la semilla expresada en porciento en peso (%p) fue de 65.8, del cual 15% correspondió a ácidos grasos saturados, 33% a monoinsaturados, y 51% a poliinsaturados; asimismo, se encontró que el compuesto principal de los ácidos grasos del aceite de J. cinerea fue el ácido linoleico (50.8 %p). También se determinó que J. cinerea se puede considerar como una especie no tóxicas debido a su bajo contenido de ésteres de forbol (0.22 mg g-1). La caracterización del aceite de J. cinerea estableció que es adecuado para la producción de biodiesel debido a su alta calidad, fundamentada en los valores de índice de yodo, saponificación y acidez, los cuales fueron similares a los reportados previamente para J. curcas. Se evaluó la transesterificación del aceite de J. cinerea asistida por ultrasonido, evaluando el efecto de los siguientes parámetros: relación molar metanol: aceite (MOR), temperatura, y tiempo de reacción. En el rango de estudio, las mejores condiciones para la producción de biodiesel fueron 25 °C, una MOR de 4:1, y un tiempo de reacción de 20 s. Estas condiciones experimentales fueron notoriamente favorables en comparación con las requeridas en procesos convencionales y muy promisorias para la producción de biodiesel de bajo costo a partir del aceite de semilla de J. cinerea.Palabras clave: biocombustible, biodiesel, Jatropha cinerea, ultrasonido, transesterificación.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa for providing financial support through the PROFAPI program, project no. 2012/045. First author thanks to CONACYT for the scholarship granted.
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