<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-1146</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Boletín médico del Hospital Infantil de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bol. Med. Hosp. Infant. Mex.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-1146</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Salud, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-11462025000300002</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/bmhim.24000104</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Ultrasonido de la vía aérea en pacientes pediátricos con estridor y fallo a la extubación]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Airway ultrasound in pediatric patients with stridor and extubation failure]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burgos-Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Omar A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Félix-Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gerardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isaac A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cadena-Mejía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Loustaunau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Imuvira D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora Servicio de Urgencias Pediátricas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Hermosillo ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora Departamento de Enseñanza ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Hermosillo ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>82</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>145</fpage>
<lpage>151</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-11462025000300002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-11462025000300002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-11462025000300002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: La intubación orotraqueal puede ocasionar complicaciones como estridor y obstrucción de la vía aérea, lo que favorece el fracaso al retiro del ventilador. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la utilidad del uso del ultrasonido de vía aérea previo a la extubación para predecir estridor y fallo a la extubación.  Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal, de marzo de 2023 a junio de 2024. Se estudiaron 50 pacientes admitidos en el servicio de urgencias pediátricas del Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora, bajo ventilación mecánica &#8805; 24 horas y en los cuales se haría el primer intento de extubación. Se realizó ultrasonido de la vía aérea calculando el espacio libre peritubo y el ancho de la columna de aire previo a la extubación, y se identificó a los pacientes que presentaron estridor posextubación y fallo a la extubación.  Resultados: La media del espacio libre peritubo en los pacientes con estridor fue de 3,2 mm (0,3-6,2), con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,012) en comparación con los pacientes sin estridor. La media del ancho de la columna de aire en pacientes con estridor fue de 1,21 mm (0,16-4,78 mm), sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,153) en comparación con los pacientes que no presentaron estridor. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en ambas mediciones para el desenlace de fallo a la extubación.  Conclusiones: El ultrasonido de la vía aérea parece tener buena correlación con el riesgo de estridor posextubación.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background: Orotracheal intubation can cause complications such as stridor and airway obstruction, which favors weaning failure. The objective of this study was to assess the usefulness of airway ultrasound prior to extubation to predict stridor and extubation failure.  Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study, from March 2023 to June 2024. A total of 50 patients were studied, admitted to the pediatric emergency service of the Children’s Hospital of the State of Sonora, under mechanical ventilation &#8805; 24 hours and in whom the first extubation attempt. An ultrasound of the airway was performed, calculating the peritube free space and the width of the air column before extubation, and the total number of patients who presented post-extubation stridor and extubation failure were identified.  Results: The mean peritube free space in patients who presented stridor was 3.2 mm (0.3-6.2), with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.012) compared to patients who did not present stridor. The mean width of the air column in patients who presented stridor was 1.21 mm (0.16-4.78 mm), but it did not show a statistically significant difference (p = 0.153) compared to patients who did not present stridor. There were no statistically significant differences in both measurements for the outcome of extubation failure.  Conclusions: Airway ultrasound seems to have a good correlation with the risk of post-extubation stridor.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Obstrucción de las vías aéreas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ultrasonido]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ventilación mecánica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Neumonía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bronquiolitis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Airway obstruction]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ultrasound]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mechanical ventilation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pneumonia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bronchiolitis]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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