<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-1146</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Boletín médico del Hospital Infantil de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bol. Med. Hosp. Infant. Mex.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-1146</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Salud, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-11462020000300135</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/bmhim.19000203</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Análisis de la frecuencia y factores de riesgo asociados a la retinopatía del prematuro en neonatos de muy bajo peso al nacer]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Retinopathy of prematurity, frequency and risk factors in very low birth weight infants]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera-Rueda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández-Carrocera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salgado-Valladares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cordero-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guadalupe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coronado-Zarco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Irma A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardona-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Departamento de Seguimiento Pediátrico ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Coordinación de Oftalmología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Subdirección de Neonatología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Dirección General ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>77</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>135</fpage>
<lpage>141</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-11462020000300135&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-11462020000300135&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-11462020000300135&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: La retinopatía del prematuro (ROP) es una de las principales causas de ceguera infantil. La inmadurez y la exposición a oxígeno son algunos factores de riesgo. El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar la frecuencia y los factores de riesgo de ROP en una cohorte de recién nacidos menores de 1,500 g.  Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio de casos (con ROP) y controles (sin ROP) de recién nacidos menores de 1,500 g. Se analizaron variables prenatales y neonatales, y para su comparación se utilizaron las pruebas estadísticas t de Student, &#967;2 y U de Mann-Whitney.  Resultados: Se analizaron 282 recién nacidos: 152 (53.9%) con ROP y 130 (46.1%) sin ROP. La mayor frecuencia se encontró en los estadios 1 y 2, con 139 pacientes (91.4%), seguidos de los estadios 3 a 5, con 13 pacientes (8.5%). En los pacientes con ROP, el peso al nacer fue menor (902.7 vs. 1037.9 g; p &lt; 0.0001), así como la edad gestacional (28.2 vs. 29.6 semanas de gestación; p &lt; 0.0001). Los días de ventilación (32.8 vs. 16.1; p &lt; 0.00001) y los días de oxígeno requerido durante la estancia hospitalaria (87.7 vs. 62.6; p &lt; 0.0001) fueron mayores en los pacientes con ROP. La displasia broncopulmonar, la hemorragia intraventricular y la sepsis tardía fueron comorbilidades significativas para el desarrollo de ROP.  Conclusiones: En este estudio, la frecuencia de ROP fue mayor que la reportada en la población mexicana, con una baja proporción de formas graves. La vigilancia estrecha del manejo de los neonatos con menor peso y menos edad gestacional es fundamental para lograr disminuir esta enfermedad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the principal cause of blindness during childhood. The objective of this study was to analyze the frequency of ROP and risk factors associated with ROP in a cohort of very low birth weight infants.  Methods: A cases (ROP) and controls (no ROP) study of infants less than 1500 g was conducted. Perinatal and neonatal variables were analyzed. For the statistical analysis, &#967;2 test, Student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney’s U-test were used.  Results: For the study, 282 neonates were included: 152 (53.9%) with ROP and 130 (46.1%) without ROP. The most frequent stages observed were stage 1 and 2, with 139 (91.4%) patients, and stages 3 to 5, with only 13 patients (8.5%). In those neonates with ROP compared with neonates without ROP, the birth weight was less (902.7 vs. 1037.9 g) and the difference was significant (p &lt; 0.0001). Also, the difference with gestational age (28.2 vs. 29.6; p &lt; 0.0001), total ventilation days (32.8 vs. 16.1; p &lt; 0.00001) and total oxygen days (87.7 vs. 62.6; p &lt; 0.0001) was significant in neonates with ROP and neonates without the disease. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage and late onset sepsis were significant with patients with ROP.  Conclusions: The frequency of ROP reported here is higher than the reported in Mexican population, with less cases of severe ROP. The neonatal surveillance in babies with less birth weight and gestational age is important to decrease the incidence of ROP.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Retinopatía del prematuro]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Neonatos de muy bajo peso al nacer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Neonatos prematuros]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Retinopathy of prematurity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Very low birth weight infant]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Premature infants]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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