<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-9940</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Archivos de cardiología de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Arch. Cardiol. Méx.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-9940</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-99402025000300011</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/acm.25000007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Fisiopatología de las corrientes de lesión miocárdica: aportes de nuevos métodos electrocardiográficos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Pathophysiology of myocardial currents of injury: contributions of new electrocardiographic methods]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McLoughlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Obregón-Rosas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Santiago]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Investigaciones Médicas Florida Investigaciones Médicas Florida ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Ángeles Pedregal Dirección de Enseñanza ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad La Salle Facultad Mexicana de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>95</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>224</fpage>
<lpage>232</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-99402025000300011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-99402025000300011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-99402025000300011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Las corrientes de lesión, diastólica y sistólica, son fundamentales para comprender las alteraciones electrocardiográficas en la isquemia miocárdica aguda. Estas corrientes se originan debido a los gradientes eléctricos entre las zonas isquémicas y sanas, derivados de diferencias en la despolarización y la repolarización. La corriente diastólica, dirigida hacia el tejido sano, y la sistólica, orientada hacia la región lesionada, explican fenómenos como el infradesnivel del TQ (corriente de lesión diastólica) y las modificaciones en el complejo QRS con desviaciones en el segmento ST (corriente de lesión sistólica). Estudios históricos y contemporáneos han establecido la fisiopatología subyacente a estas corrientes, destacando cambios en la activación radial del miocardio, alteraciones en los vectores eléctricos y posibles bloqueos intramurales. Además, se han identificado correlaciones precisas entre estos hallazgos electrocardiográficos y los eventos isquémicos agudos en modelos experimentales y clínicos. La comprensión de estas corrientes no solo facilita el diagnóstico de la isquemia miocárdica, sino que también mejora la capacidad para intervenir de manera oportuna. Este conocimiento reafirma el papel central del electrocardiograma en la práctica clínica y la investigación cardiovascular.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Diastolic and systolic currents of injury are fundamental for understanding electrocardiographic alterations in acute myocardial ischemia. These currents result from electrical gradients between ischemic and healthy zones, driven by differences in depolarization and repolarization. The diastolic current, directed toward healthy tissue, and the systolic current, oriented toward the injured region, explain phenomena such as TQ depression (diastolic current of injury) and QRS complex modifications accompanied by ST-segment deviations (systolic current of injury). Historical and contemporary studies have elucidated the underlying pathophysiology of these currents, emphasizing changes in radial myocardial activation, alterations in electrical vectors, and the potential presence of intramural conduction blocks. Furthermore, precise correlations between these electrocardiographic findings and acute ischemic events have been demonstrated in both experimental and clinical models. Understanding these currents not only facilitates the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia but also enhances the capacity for prompt intervention. This knowledge underscores the central role of the electrocardiogram in clinical practice and cardiovascular research.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Electrocardiograma]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Corriente de lesión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Isquemia miocárdica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Infarto de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Electrocardiogram]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Injury currents]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Myocardial ischemia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaxiola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Teoría y práctica de la electrocardiografía]]></source>
<year>1966</year>
<edition>2.ªed</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[La Prensa Médica Mexicana]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ping]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qiu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparative analysis of ischemic changes in electrocardiogram and coronary angiography results:a retrospective study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medicine (Baltimore)]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>100</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sodi Pallares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bisteni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ponce de León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Electrocardiografía poliparamétrica]]></source>
<year>1971</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones del Instituto Nacional de Cardiología de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pardee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HEB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An electrocardiographic sign of coronary artery obstruction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Intern Med]]></source>
<year>1920</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>244-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nahum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamilton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The injury current in the electrocardiogram]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Physiol]]></source>
<year>1943</year>
<volume>139</volume>
<page-range>202-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mc Loughlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Diego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pathophysiology of myocardial currents of injury revisited]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Electrocardiol]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<page-range>54-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eyster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JAE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Potential changes in an injured region of cardiac muscle]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Physiol]]></source>
<year>1938</year>
<volume>124</volume>
<page-range>717-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mc Loughlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lew]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nuevos métodos electrocardiográficos:un estudio basado en electrodos bipolares precordiales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Prensa Med Argent]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>106</volume>
<page-range>287-300</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conrad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuddy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bayley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Activation of the ischemic ventricle and acute peri-infarction block in experimental coronary occlusion]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Circ Res]]></source>
<year>1959</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>555-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mc Loughlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Precordial bipolar leads:a new method to study anterior acute myocardial infarction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Electrocardiol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<page-range>45-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mc Loughlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mc Loughlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Abnormal myocardial activation as a cause of ST elevation:A study using precordial bipolar leads (PBL)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Probl Cardiol]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<page-range>101163</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mc Loughlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Konopka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Right-to-left T-wave discordance in acute myocardial infarction:a new electrocardiographic sign of apical and left lateral infarction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Electrocardiol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<page-range>134-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mc Loughlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genesis of ischemic ST segment changes:a study using precordial bipolar leads and regional vectorcardiograms]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Electrocardiol]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>87</volume>
<page-range>153789</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
