<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-888X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[TIP. Revista especializada en ciencias químico-biológicas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[TIP]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-888X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-888X2009000100005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[México: centro de origen de la domesticación del girasol]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edelmira]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lentz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,UNAM Instituto de Biología Jardín Botánico]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México, D.F. ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Cincinnati Department of Biological Sciences ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cincinnati OH]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>5</fpage>
<lpage>12</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-888X2009000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-888X2009000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-888X2009000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Hasta hace poco tiempo, el origen geográfico del girasol domesticado (Helianthus annuus) había sido reportado en el área del sureste de los Estados Unidos de América. El análisis de documentos históricos de México y &#8220;semillas&#8221; arqueológicas recientemente descubiertas en Tabasco y Morelos, México, indican que los girasoles cultivados fueron importantes durante la época prehispánica y del virreinato en el centro de México. Cabe mencionar que los aquenios prehistóricos más grandes y más antiguos son de México. Aunque hoy en día las plantas silvestres son genéticamente distantes de los cultivares comerciales contemporáneos, las evidencias indican que México es el centro de origen más antiguo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Until recently, the geographic origin of domesticated sunflower (Helianthus annuus) has been reported as being in the area of southeastern United States of America. The analysis of Mexican historical documents and the recently discovered archaeological &#8220;seeds&#8221; from Tabasco and Morelos, Mexico, indicate that cultivated sunflower was important in central Mexico during the prehispanic and viceroyalty periods. Also, the oldest and largest prehistoric sunflower achenes are from Mexico. Even though modern day wild plants are genetically distant from the contemporary commercial cultivars, the evidence indicates that Mexico is an older center of origin.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Domesticación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[girasol]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Helianthus annuus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Domestication]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sunflower]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Helianthus annuus]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Plants, Man and Life]]></source>
<year>1967</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berkeley, CA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of California Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heiser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Sunflower]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Norman, OK ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Oklahoma Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Origins of agriculture in eastern North America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>246</volume>
<page-range>1566-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heiser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The North American Sunflowers (Helianthus)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club]]></source>
<year>1969</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1-218</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yarnell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Domestication of sunflower and sumpweed in eastern North America]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Nature and Status of Ethnobotany]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<page-range>289-300</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ann Arbor, MI ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Museum of Anthropology]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holmgren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holmgren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[New York Botanical Garden&#8217;s Virtual Herbarium]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lentz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Cordero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ecological niche modeling and distribution of wild sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Plant Sciences]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>169</volume>
<page-range>541-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Origin of extant domesticated sunflowers in eastern North America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>430</volume>
<page-range>201-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sahagún]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Historia General de las cosas de Nueva España. Manuscrito 218-20 de la Colección Palatina de la Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florencia]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México, DF ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Archivo General de la Nación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Historia Natural de Nueva España]]></source>
<year>1959</year>
<volume>1 y 2</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México, DF ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sahagún]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dibble]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.J.O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Florentine Codex: General History of the Things in New Spain, Book 11 - Earthly Things]]></source>
<year>1963</year>
<numero>14</numero>
<issue>14</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santa Fe, NM ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[School of American Research]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sahagún]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dibble]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.J.O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Florentine Codex: General History of the Things in New Spain, Book 9 - The Merchants]]></source>
<year>1959</year>
<numero>14</numero>
<issue>14</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santa Fe, NM ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[School of American Research]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Códice Ixtlilxóchitl. Manuscrito mexicano 65-71 de la Biblioteca Nacional de París]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México, DF ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trueblood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Great Herbal of Leonhart Fuchs - De historia stirpium commentarii insignes, 1542]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Stanford, CA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Stanford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dodoens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Florum et coronariarum odoratarum que nonnullarum herbarum historia]]></source>
<year>1568</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Antwerp ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Plantini]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mattioli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[ommentarii in vi. libros Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei in medica materia]]></source>
<year>1583</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Venice ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Vaigrisiurn]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Besler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Garden at Eichstätt - the Book of Plants by Basilius Besler - Hortus Eystettensis]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Köln ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Taschen]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Herbal or General History of Plants]]></source>
<year>1975</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Dover]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rerum Medicarum novae hispaniae Thesaurus seu Plantarum animalium mineralium mexicanorum historia]]></source>
<year>1649</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Rome ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Nardo Antonio Rehecho]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schneiter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sunflower Technology and Production]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madison, WI ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[American Society of Agronomy]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linneo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Species Plantarum]]></source>
<year>1753</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Holmiae ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sessé]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mociño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Flora Mexicana]]></source>
<year>1887</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Apud Ignatius Escalante]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Torner Collection</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Sessé and Mociño Biological Illustrations. Helianthus annuus L. Icon no. 1320]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Pittsburgh, PA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Historia Natural o Jardín Americano]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México, DF ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Eastern North America as an independent center of plant domestication]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the National Academy of Science]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<page-range>12223-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lentz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pohl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.E.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pope]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wyatt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prehistoric sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) domestication in Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economic Botany]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<page-range>370-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lentz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pohl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tarighat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as a pre-Columbian domesticate in Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the National Academy of Science]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<page-range>6232-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heiser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A &#8220;new&#8221; cultivated sunflower from Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Madroño]]></source>
<year>1946</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>226-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diamond]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Guns, Germs, and Steel- The Fates of Human Societies]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[W.W. Norton]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cantamutto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poverene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genetically modified sunflower release: Opportunities and risks]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Field Crops Research]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<page-range>133-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[GMO Compass]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
