Cognitive Maps: an Overview and their Application for Student Modeling
Mapas Cognitivos: un Perfil y su Aplicación al Modelado del Estudiante
Alejandro Peña1,2,3, Humberto Sossa3 and Agustin Gutiérrez3
WOLNM1, UPIICSA2 & CIC3 – National Polytechnic Institute2,3
Pattern Recognition Laboratory2,3 ]]>
31 Julio 1859, # 1099–B, Leyes Reforma, 09310,
Ciudad de México, D. F, México
+52–55–5694–0916
apenaa@ipn.mx, hsossa@cic.ipn.mx, atornes@cic.ipn.mx
Article received on April 18, 2006; accepted on January 08, 2007
Abstract
In this paper we state how Cognitive Maps can be used to model causal phenomena. In addition, we show the application of the Cognitive Maps to the field of the Student Modeling. Conceptually speaking, Cognitive Maps set and simulate the systems dynamics based upon qualitative knowledge. A Cognitive Map is a tool that gives away the entities of the issue of study. Moreover, Cognitive Maps bring out the causal phenomena as cause–effect relationships between concepts. According to the relationships, a topology and a workflow of causal effects is designed. Cognitive Maps aim to predict the evolution of a model through simulation. During the process are achieved causal inferences that estimate the variation on the state of the concepts. The simulation breaks down when the concept values reach a fixed point, a pattern of states or a chaotic region in the search space. Wherefore, in this paper we depict the underlying concepts for Causal Modeling by means of Cognitive Maps. In addition, three versions of Cognitive Maps are outlined. Besides to reveal their mathematical baseline, we illustrate their application through the development of a case of study focus on Student Model.
]]> Keywords: Cognitive Maps, Causal–effect relationships, Concepts, Causal inference, and Student Model.
Resumen
En este artículo se establece como usar los Mapas Cognitivos para modelar fenómenos causales. Además, mostramos su aplicación en el Modelado del Estudiante. Conceptualmente hablando, los Mapas Cognitivos definen y simulan la dinámica de sistemas por medio de conocimiento cualitativo. Un Mapa Cognitivo es una herramienta que revela las entidades del objeto de estudio. Así mismo, los Mapas Cognitivos expresan el fenómeno causal como relaciones causa–efecto entre conceptos. De acuerdo con las relaciones, una topología y un flujo de efectos causales es diseñada. Los Mapas Cognitivos buscan predecir la evolución del modelo mediante simulación. Durante el proceso se realizan inferencias que estiman la variación del estado de los conceptos. La simulación termina cuando los valores de los conceptos arriban a punto fijo, a un patrón de estados, o a una región de caos en el espacio de búsqueda. Por tanto, en este artículo se definen los conceptos base para el modelado causal a través de Mapas Cognitivos. También se presentan tres versiones de Mapas Cognitivos. Además se expresa la base matemática y se ilustra su aplicación en el desarrollo de un Modelo del Estudiante.
Palabras clave: Mapas Cognitivos, Relaciones Causales, Conceptos, Inferencia Causal, y Modelo del Estudiante.
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Acknowledgments
First author states that this work was inspired in a special way for his Father, his brother Jesus and his Helper as part of the projects of World Outreach Light to the Nations Ministries (WOLNM). Also this work was supported by grants: CONACYT–SEP C0146805/747, CONACYT 182329, COFAA DEBEC/651/2006, COTEPABE PL–22–07 and Microsoft Mexico.
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