<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-3322</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bol. Soc. Geol. Mex]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-3322</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Geológica Mexicana A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-33222021000300017</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18268/bsgm2021v73n3a291220</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Prebiotic experiments simulating hydrothermal vents: Influence of olivine in the decomposition of simple carboxylic acids]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Experimentos prebióticos que simulan respiraderos hidrotermales: influencia del olivino en la descomposición de ácidos carboxílicos simples]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lucía A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colín-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meléndez-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adriana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Castañeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Negrón-Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alicia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Posgrado en Ciencias de la Tierra ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[CDMX ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Geología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[CDMX ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[CDMX ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>73</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-33222021000300017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-33222021000300017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-33222021000300017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Hydrothermal systems have been proposed as keen environments on the early Earth where chemical evolution processes could have occurred. The presence of minerals and a continuous energy flux stand out among the most remarkable conditions in such environments. In this research the decomposition of two organic acids was studied. Ionizing radiation and thermal energy were the sources selected for decomposition tests, as both are naturally present on hydrothermal systems and probably, they were present on early Earth. Radiation could come from unstable elements in minerals, and heat is the most abundant energy source in hydrothermal systems. As minerals play a key role in prebiotic chemistry experiments and are an essential component on hydrothermal environments, the role of olivine in decomposition was tested. Results indicate that both organic acids highly decomposed when irradiated or heated. Radiation is more efficient than heating in decomposing the carboxylic acids and forming other carboxylic acids. Interestingly, the occurrence of olivine affects decomposition on both heated and irradiated samples, as both the rate of decomposition, and the amount and type of products vary compared with experiments without the mineral. The formation of other carboxylic acids was followed in all samples. Succinic, tricarballilic, citric and carboxisuccinic acids were detected in radiolysis experiments of acetic acid. The radiolysis of formic acid produced oxalic and tartronic. The heating of acetic acid solutions formed succinic, tricarballilic, citric and carboxisuccinic acids. However, the heating of formic acids only generated oxalic acid. The presence of olivine affected the amount and type of carboxylic acids formed in radiation and heating experiments. Natural hydrothermal systems are complex environments and many variables are present in them. Our results reinforce the idea that a combination of variables is necessary to better simulate these environments in prebiotic chemistry experiments. All variables could have affected the prebiotic chemical reactions; and hence, the role of hydrothermal systems in prebiotic chemistry could be much more complex that thought.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Los sistemas hidrotermales se han propuesto como entornos favorables en la Tierra primitiva, en los cuales podrían haber ocurrido procesos de evolución química. La presencia de minerales y un flujo continuo de energía se destacan entre las condiciones más notables en dichos entornos. En esta investigación se estudió la descomposición de dos ácidos orgánicos. La radiación ionizante y el calor fueron las fuentes de energía seleccionadas para las pruebas de descomposición, ya que ambas están presentes de forma natural en los sistemas hidrotermales y, probablemente, estuvieron presentes en la Tierra primitiva. La radiación podría provenir de elementos inestables en minerales y el calor es la fuente de energía más abundante en los sistemas hidrotermales. Dado que los minerales juegan un papel clave en los experimentos de química prebiótica y son un componente esencial en ambientes hidrotermales, se probó el papel del olivino en la descomposición de los ácidos. Los resultados indican que ambos ácidos orgánicos se descomponen altamente cuando se irradian o se calientan. La radiación es más eficaz que el calentamiento para descomponer los ácidos carboxílicos y formar otros. Curiosamente, la presencia de olivino afecta la descomposición tanto en muestras calentadas como irradiadas, ya que tanto la velocidad de descomposición como la cantidad y tipo de productos varían en comparación con los experimentos sin el mineral. En todas las muestras se siguió la formación de otros ácidos carboxílicos. Se detectaron el ácido succínico, tricarballílico, cítrico y carboxisuccínico en experimentos de radiolisis de ácido acético. La radiolisis del ácido fórmico produjo oxálico y tartrónico. El calentamiento de las soluciones de ácido acético formó los ácidos succínicos, tricarballílico, cítrico y carboxisuccínico. Sin embargo, el calentamiento del ácido fórmico solo generó ácido oxálico. La presencia de olivino afectó la cantidad y el tipo de ácidos carboxílicos formados por la radiación y experimentos sobre calentamiento. Los sistemas hidrotermales naturales son entornos complejos y en ellos están presentes muchas variables. Nuestros resultados refuerzan la idea de que es necesaria una combinación de variables para una mejor simulación de estos entornos en experimentos de química prebiótica. Todas las variables podrían haber afectado las reacciones químicas prebióticas; y, por lo tanto, el papel de los sistemas hidrotermales en la química prebiótica podría ser mucho más complejo de lo que se pensaba.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hydrothermal vents]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ionizing radiation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[thermal energy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[acetic acid]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[formic acid]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[prebiotic chemistry]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sistemas hidrotermales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[radiación ionizante]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[energía térmica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ácido acético]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ácido fórmico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[química prebiótica]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Radiolysis and photolysis of aqueous formic acid. Carbon monoxide formation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the American Chemical Society]]></source>
<year>1962</year>
<volume>84</volume>
<page-range>3994-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akiya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Savage]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Role or water in formic acid decomposition]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Institute of Chemical Engineers Journal]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>405-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Paula]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Atkins Physical Chemistry]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<edition>8th</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayscough]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oversby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Electron spin resonance studies of fundamental processes in radiation-and photo-chemistry, Part 6. The radiolysis of acetic acid]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Transactions of the Faraday Society]]></source>
<year>1971</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<page-range>360-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kohlstedt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Substantial hydrogen solubility in olivine and implications for water storage in the mantle]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>357</volume>
<page-range>672-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kohlstedt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of chemical environment on the solubility and incorporation mechanism for hydrogen in olivine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Physics and Chemistry Minerals]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>460-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ballard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Notes on a Major Oceanographic Find]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oceanus]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>35-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baross]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoffman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Submarine hydrothermal vents and associated gradients environments as sites for the origin and evolution of life]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>227-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.L.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experimental studies of organic acid decomposition]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lewan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pittman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Role of Organic Acids in Geological Processes]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<page-range>226-69</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer Verlag]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.L.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barnes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drummond]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Thermal decomposition of acetate: III. Catalysis by mineral surfaces]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>19</numero>
<issue>19</issue>
<page-range>4155-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Physical Basis of Life, London]]></source>
<year>1951</year>
<page-range>300-64</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge and Kegan Paul]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bjerre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soerensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Thermal decomposition of dilute aqueous formic acid solution]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>1574-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blake]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jackson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The thermal decomposition of Acetic Acid]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the Chemical Society B: Physical Organic]]></source>
<year>1968</year>
<volume>608</volume>
<page-range>1153-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kavasmaneck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Asymmetric adsorption by quartz: A model for the prebiotic origin of optical activity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Origins of Life]]></source>
<year>1975</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>367-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Botta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bizzarri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piccinino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fornaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brucato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saladino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prebiotic synthesis of carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleic acid bases from formamide under photochemical conditions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The European Physical Journal Plus]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>132</volume>
<page-range>1-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brucato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strazzulla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baratta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rotundi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colangeli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cryogenic synthesis of molecules of astrobiological interest: Catalytic role of cosmic dust analogues]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<page-range>451-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Comparison of the Radiolysis and Mass Spectrometry of Several Deuterated Ethanols]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the American Chemical Society]]></source>
<year>1957</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<page-range>751-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buxton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sellers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Acid dissociation constant of the carboxyl radical. Pulse radiolysis studies of aqueous solutions of formic acid and sodium formate]]></source>
<year>1972</year>
<page-range>555-9</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Cookride High Energy Radiation Research Centre, University of Leeds, Cookridge Hospital]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calvin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chemical Evolution and Origin of Life]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Scientist]]></source>
<year>1956</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>248-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carota]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Botta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rotelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Mauro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saladino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Current Advances in Prebiotic Chemistry Under Space Conditions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Current Organic Chemistry]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>20</numero>
<issue>20</issue>
<page-range>1963-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Demyk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cordier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gengembre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grimblot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[D&#8217;Hendecourt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leroux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Low&#8208;energy helium ion irradiation&#8208;induced amorphization and chemical changes in olivine: Insights for silicate dust evolution in the interstellar medium]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Meteoritics and Planetary Science]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>1599-614</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cody]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boctor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hazen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brandes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morowitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yoder Jr.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Geochemical roots of autotrophic carbon fixation: hydrothermal experiments in the system citric acid, H2O-(±FeS)-(±NiS)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<page-range>3557-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colín-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heredia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cordero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camprubí]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Negrón-Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega-Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beraldi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos-Bernal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hydrothermal vents and prebiotic chemistry: a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<page-range>599-620</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colín-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villafañe-Barajas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camprubí]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega-Gutiérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colás]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Negrón-Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prebiotic chemistry in hydrothermal vent systems]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. Kolb]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Handbook of Astrobiology]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Taylor &amp; Francis Group, CRC Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corliss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baross]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoffmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Submarine Hydrothermal Systems: A Probable Site for the Origin of Life, School of Oceanography]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oregon State University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corliss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baross]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoffmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[An hypothesis concerning the relationship between submarine hot springs and the origin of life on Earth, Oceanologica Acta. Actes 26º]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Congrès International de Géologie, colloque Géologie des océans]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Paris </conf-loc>
<page-range>59-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Criquet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leitner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.K.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Radiolysis of acetic acid aqueous solutions-Effect of pH and persulfate addition]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chemical Engineering Journal]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>174</volume>
<page-range>504-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Castañeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estabilidad de algunas bases nitrogenadas en un sistema que simula una ventila hidrotermal]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Castañeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Negrón-Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frías]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colín-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heredia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos-Bernal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villafañe-Barjas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chemical evolution studies: the radiolysis and thermal decomposition of malonic acid]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Radioanalytical Nuclear Chemistry]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>304</volume>
<page-range>219-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berumen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tratado de Mineralogía: Con un extenso sobre cristalografía y mineralogía física]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<edition>4ª</edition>
<page-range>30-180</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Compañía Editorial Continental]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hawie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zussman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rock forming minerals. Orthosilicates]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<edition>Second</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The Geological Society]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Demyk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leroux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cordier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quirico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raynal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[d&#8217;Hendecourt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Structural and chemical alteration of crystalline olivine under low energy He+ irradiation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Astronomy and Astrophysics]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>368</volume>
<page-range>L38-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dorfman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reactivity of the hydroxyl radical in aqueous solutions, (No. NSRDS-NBS-46)]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[National Standard Reference Data System]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dragani&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dragani&#263;&#769;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Archundia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Radiactivity and Radiation Chemistry on the Early Earth]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Plenary Lectures Symposium on Nuclear Chemistry, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>D. F., México </conf-loc>
<page-range>50-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Draganic&#769;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bjergbakke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Draganic&#769;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sehested]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Decomposition of ocean waters by potassium-40 radiation 3800 Ma ago as a source of oxygen and oxidizing species]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Precambrian Research]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<page-range>337-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferradini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jay-Gerin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of pH on water radiolysis: A still open question - A minireview]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Research on Chemical Intermediates]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>549-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chemical markers of prebiotic chemistry in hydrothermal systems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>109-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mineral Catalysis and Prebiotic Synthesis: Montmorillonite-Catalyzed Formation of RNA]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Elements]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>145-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fricke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chemical reactions of organic compounds with X-Ray activated water]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Chemical Physics]]></source>
<year>1938</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>229-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Guinea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garrido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopez-Arce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correcher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de la Figuera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spectral green cathodoluminescence emission from surfaces of insulators with metal-hydroxyl bonds]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Luminescence]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>190</volume>
<page-range>128-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garrison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bennet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jayko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mechanism in the radiolysis of aqueous formic acid solutions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Chemical Physics]]></source>
<year>1956</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>631-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garzón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garzón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Radioactivity as a significant energy source in prebiotic synthesis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Origin of Life and Evolution of Biosphere]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>3-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordeev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kosareva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bykov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ershov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Simulation of the Radiation-Chemical Transformations of Acetic Acid in Aqueous Solutions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[High Energy Chemistry]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<page-range>233-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prebiotic metabolism: production by mineral photoelectrochemistry of &#945;-ketocarboxylic acids in the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Astrobiology]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>833-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mechanism of the &#947;-Ray-Induced Oxidation of Formic Acid in Aqueous Solution]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of American Chemical Society]]></source>
<year>1951</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<page-range>68-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Radical Pair Yield of Ionizing radiation in Aqueous Solutions of Formic Acid]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Physical Chemistry]]></source>
<year>1952</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<page-range>594</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#947;-Ray-Induced Oxidation of Aqueous Formic Acid-Oxygen Solutions. Effect of Oxygen and Formic Acid Concentration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the American Chemical Society]]></source>
<year>1954</year>
<volume>76</volume>
<page-range>4312-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#947;-Ray-Induced Oxidation of Aqueous Formic Acid-Oxygen Solutions. Effect of pH]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the American Chemical Society]]></source>
<year>1954</year>
<volume>76</volume>
<page-range>4198-201</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hashizume]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Role of clay minerals in chemical evolution and the origins of life]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vala&#353;kova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martynkova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Clay minerals in nature-their characterization]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>191-208</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Intech Open]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hashizume]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adsorption of nucleic acid bases, ribose, and phosphate by some clay minerals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Life]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>637-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jolly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKenney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singleton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paraskevopoulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bossard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rates of hydroxyl radical reactions. Part 14. Rate constant and mechanism for the reaction of hydroxyl radical with formic acid]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Physical Chemistry]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>90</volume>
<numero>24</numero>
<issue>24</issue>
<page-range>6557-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Josimovi&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dragani&#263;&#769;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The radiolysis of acetic acid in aqueous solutions and acetic acid-water mixtures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>505-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Josimovi&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teplý]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mi&#263;&#769;i&#263;&#769;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Radiolysis of carboxylic compounds. Part 2. Radiolysis of liquid acetic acid]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<page-range>285-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juppe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kolmar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fantechi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[High Dose Integrating Chemical Dosimeters. The radiolysis of aqueous sodium formate solutions]]></source>
<year>1968</year>
<page-range>5-12</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Brussels ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Guyot, S. A.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[K&#261;dzio&#322;ka-Gawe&#322;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adamczyk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalinowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mössbauer Study of Changes in Olivine After Heating in Air]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Canadian Mineralogist]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<page-range>105-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[K&#261;dzio&#322;ka-Gawe&#322;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dulski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalinowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wojtyniak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of gamma irradiation on the structural properties of olivine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>317</volume>
<page-range>261-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kamenetsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sobolev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eggins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crawford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arculus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Olivine-enriched melt inclusions in chromites from low-Ca boninites, Cape Vogel, Papua New Guinea: evidence for ultramafic primary magma, refractory mantle source and enriched components]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chemical Geology]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>183</volume>
<page-range>287-303</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kazansky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pariisky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Voevodsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Radiation-induced processes on the silica-gel surface]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Discussions of the Faraday Society]]></source>
<year>1961</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>203-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kharaka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carothers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenbauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Thermal decarboxylation of acetic acid: Implications for origin of natural gas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>397-402</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kitadai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maruyama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Origins of building blocks of life: A review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geoscience Frontiers]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>117-1153</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kohlstedt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keppler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Solubility of water in the a, b and c phases of (Mg,Fe)2SiO4]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>123</volume>
<page-range>345-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kohlstedt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mackwell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diffusion of hydrogen and intrinsic point defects in olivine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>207</volume>
<page-range>147-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kohlstedt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mackwell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Solubility and diffusion of &#8216;water&#8217; in silicate]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wright]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Catlow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Microscopic properties and processes in minerals]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<page-range>539-59</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Dordrecht ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Kluwer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lahav]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[White]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A possible role of fluctuating clay-water systems in the production of ordered prebiotic oligomers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Molecular Evolution]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>11-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laporte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pietrucci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guyot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saitta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Formic Acid Synthesis in a Water- Mineral System: Major Role of the Interface]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Physical Chemistry C]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>124</volume>
<page-range>5125-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemmon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chemical Evolution]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chemical Reviews]]></source>
<year>1970</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<page-range>95-109</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Islas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colín-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Negrón-Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Stability of aqueous formaldehyde under &#947; irradiation: prebiotic relevance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Astrobiology]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>1-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luká&#269;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teplý]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vacek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Radiolysis of carboxylic compounds. Part 1.-Comparison of potassium acetate and acetic acid radiolysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases]]></source>
<year>1972</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<page-range>1377</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mackie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doolan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[High-temperature kinetics of thermal decomposition of acetic acid and its products]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Chemical Kinetics]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>525-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malaterre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chemical evolution and life]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BIO Web of Conferences]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>00002</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bioquímica: la base molecular de la vida]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<page-range>272-560</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill/ Interamericana]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B72">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Urey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Organic Synthesis on the Primitive Earth]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>1959</year>
<volume>130</volume>
<page-range>245-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B73">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarro-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Negrón-Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos-Bernal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ponnamperuma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Radiolysis of Aqueous Solutions of Acetic Acid in the Presence of Na-Montmorillonite, Proceedings of the 9th International Clay Conference, Strasbourg 1989]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sciences Géologiques, Bulletins et Mémories]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<page-range>55-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B74">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Negrón-Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Formación de ácidos policarboxílicos de importancia biológica inducida por radiación ionizante]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B75">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Negrón-Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarro-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The &#947;-irradiation of aqueous acetic - clay suspensions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>377-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B76">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Negrón-Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ponnamperuma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Formation of biologically relevant carboxylic acids during the gamma irradiation of acetic acid]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Origins of Life]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>191-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B77">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Negrón-Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos-Bernal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mosqueira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evolución química y el origen de la vida]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Profesores al día: Educación Química]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>228-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B78">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Negrón-Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos-Bernal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mosqueira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Synthesis in prebiotic clay environments induced by radiation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Astrobiology]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>295-300</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B79">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Engelder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Thermal Decomposition of Formic Acid]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Physical Chemistry]]></source>
<year>1926</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>470-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B80">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pulse radiolysis of aliphatic acids in aqueous solutions. I. Simple monocarboxylic acids]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Physical Chemistry]]></source>
<year>1969</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<page-range>4207-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B81">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O&#8217;Donnell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sangster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Principles of Radiation Chemistry]]></source>
<year>1970</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Amsterdam ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier Publishing Company]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B82">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drummond]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Thermal decarboxylation of acetate. Part I. The kinetics and mechanism of reaction in aqueous solution]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<page-range>813-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B83">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parsons]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biochemical evolution II: Origin of life in tubular microstructures on weathered feldspar surfaces]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>95</volume>
<numero>26</numero>
<issue>26</issue>
<page-range>15173-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B84">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pignatello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacKay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Advanced oxidation processes for organic contaminant destruction based on the Fenton reaction and related chemistry]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<page-range>1-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B85">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pirajno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hydrothermal processes and mineral systems: East Perth]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Australia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B86">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Odom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oró]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clays in Prebiological Chemistry]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Molecular Evolution]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>317-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B87">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rimola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mariona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ugliengo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Role of mineral surfaces in Prebiotic Chemistry evolution]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Silico Quantum Mechanical Studies: Life]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>1-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B88">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rimola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sodupe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ugliengo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aluminosilicate surfaces as promoters for peptide bond formation: An assessment of Bernal&#8217;s hypothesis by ab Initio methods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the American Chemical Society]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>129</volume>
<page-range>8333-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B89">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Russell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Serpentinization as a source of energy at the origin of life]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geobiology]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>355-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B90">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santosh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maruyama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hadean Earth and primordial Continents: The cradle of prebiotic life]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geoscience Frontiers]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>309-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B91">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biochemical evolution. I. Polymerization on internal, organophilic silica surfaces of dealuminated zeolites and feldspars]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>95</volume>
<page-range>3370-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B92">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simoneit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.R.T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prebiotic organic synthesis under hydrothermal conditions: an overview]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Advances in Space Research]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>88-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B93">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smithies]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Radiation chemistry of aqueous formic acid solution. Effect of concentration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the American Chemical Society]]></source>
<year>1960</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<page-range>4775-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B94">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smyth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hazen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Crystal Structures of Forsterite and Hortonolite at Several Temperatures Up to 900 °C]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Mineralogist]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>7-8</numero>
<issue>7-8</issue>
<page-range>588-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B95">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spandler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O´Neill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.St.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kamenetsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Survival times anomalous melt inclusions from element diffusion in olivine and chromite]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>447</volume>
<page-range>303-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B96">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spinks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.W.T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woods]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Introduction to radiation chemistry]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<edition>Third</edition>
<page-range>314-22</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[John Wiley &amp; Sons Inc]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B97">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Staudigel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hydrothermal alteration processes in the oceanic crust]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Treatise on Geochemistry]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>511-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B98">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Physical aspects of photochemistry and radiation chemistry of molecules adsorbed on silica, gamma -alumina, zeolites, and clays]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chemical Reviews]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<page-range>301-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B99">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wescott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Engelder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Catalytic Decomposition of Formic Acid]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Physical Chemistry]]></source>
<year>1926</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>476-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B100">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Westall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hickman-Lewis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hinman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gautret]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campbell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bréhéret]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foucher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hubert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sorieul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dass]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Georgelin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brack]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Hydrothermal sedimentary context for the origin of life]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Astrobiology]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>259-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B101">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Savage]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Kinetics, catalysis, and reaction engineering]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>2-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B102">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zacheis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kamat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Radiation-induced catalysis on oxide surfaces: Degradation of hexachlorobenzene on &#947; irradiated alumina nanoparticles]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Physical Chemistry B]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<page-range>2142-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B103">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. D. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samulewski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adenine and thymine effect on quartz dissolution at different artificial seawaters. Orbital]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Electronic Journal of Chemistry]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>446-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B104">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ginsberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kohlstedt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Solubility of hydrogen in olivine: dependence on temperature and iron content]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>147</volume>
<page-range>155-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
