<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-2253</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[América Latina en la historia económica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Am. Lat. Hist. Econ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-2253</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-22532021000200008</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18232/alhe.1117</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Los legados de la guerra de independencia y la revolución sobre la violencia criminal en México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Legacies of Independence War and Revolution on Criminal Violence in Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luz Marina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calle Robles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Miguel de la]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Álvaro Obregón ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-22532021000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-22532021000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-22532021000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este trabajo se enfoca en las conexiones históricas de la violencia criminal contemporánea en México. Investiga si la guerra de independencia y la revolución muestran alguna línea de continuidad con la actual oleada de violencia criminal. Encontramos que la violencia criminal se concentra principalmente en municipios que tuvieron presencia rebelde durante el periodo revolucionario. Además, los municipios en los que se crearon milicias realistas durante la guerra de independencia muestran una menor violencia criminal hoy en día. El legado de la violencia parece transitar a través de dos caminos causales. Los municipios hoy más violentos son aquellos que contaban con una menor presencia de instituciones indígenas durante el virreinato (los llamados pueblos de indios). Además, los municipios con más capacidades estatales locales a finales del siglo xix tienen menos violencia hoy. Por el contrario, las varias reformas de la tierra del periodo autoritario no parecen reducir la violencia criminal.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This paper offers a novel approach to the study of criminal violence in Mexico by focusing on its historical connections with the War of Independence and the Revolution. We find that criminal violence is mainly concentrated in municipalities that had a rebel presence during the Mexican Revolution. In turn, the municipalities where royalist militias were created during the War of Independence show less criminal violence today. This legacy of violence appears to travel through two causal paths. Firstly, the most violent municipalities today are those that had on average a lower presence of indigenous institutions during the viceroyalty (the so-called Pueblos de Indios). Second, municipalities with a higher local state capacity in the late 19th century are better at containing contemporary criminal violence. In contrast, the various land reforms of the authoritarian period do not appear to have a systematic effect on reducing criminal violence.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[violencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[guerras civiles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[revolución mexicana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[independencia de México]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[criminalidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[violence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[civil wars]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mexican Independence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[criminality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[H39]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[N46]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[N96]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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