1405-1435 1405-1435 S1405-14352015000200177 Spain 00 08 2015 00 08 2015 22 68 177 202

1990 4 2 2 1992 24 2003 1999 1993 14 3 3 2006 10 4 4 1997 34 1 1 1999 71 2 2 1998 2009 2005 2005 17 4 4 2012 96 1 1 2007 2004 Lefkosia, Cyprus 2012 2008 Commission on the Advancement of Women and Minorities in Science, Engineering and Technology Development 2000 1990 69 1 1 1985 1995 1999 36 6 6 2001 12 3 3 2003 10 2 2 2008 158 158 1984 46 4 4 European Commission 2007 1983 1999 2000 1986 11 21 21 2010 136 1 1 1998 1992 19 3 3 1994 2001 24 1 1 1996 2002 2005 2002 1996 19 2 2 2011 47 6 6 2000 77 2001 2002 2 2 2009 16 1 1 2008 320 320 1989 44 44 NAS 2006 2005 56 2 2 2000 1988 14 3 3 1995 1989 10 3 3 2011 36 2 2 2010 2001 NAS 2006 1992 63 6 6 2000 84 2 2 1977 1994 2000 2007 41 1 1 2010 2003 10 2 2 1990 2007 17 10 10 2005 17 2 2 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1999 1996 1999 2013 25 1 1 National Academy of Sciences 2007 1992 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 2008 2000 2011 11 36 36 2010 2003 4 2 2 2008 184 733 733 2006 1994 1965 148 148 1993 23 2 2 1992 10 1 1 1994 2007 2008 2011 36 2 2 1980 70 1971 171 972 972 2005 9 11 11 2005 60 9 9 2005 27 1 1 1991 OECD 2006 2003 39 1994 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 2010 2004 2012 2005 41 3 3 2011 2013 2006 28 6 6 2007 1991 2010 34 1990 61 6 6 2003 344 1997 387 1992 39 3 3 1990 OECD 2006 NAS 2006 2003 2011 2004 European Commission 2004 European Commission 2010 Eurostat 2014 EVERIS 2013 Instituto Nacional de Estadística 2014 2011 2007 33 1 1 1999 2007 2010 2002 VIII 2005