<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-0471</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Madera y bosques]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Madera bosques]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-0471</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Ecología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-04712018000400405</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21829/myb.2018.2401913</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El financiamiento de los proyectos de carbono forestal: Experiencias existentes y oportunidades en México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The financing of forest carbon projects: Existing experiences and opportunities in Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ranero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Covaleda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sara]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Kibeltik Clima y Medio Ambiente A.C  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Cristóbal de las Casas Chiapas]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>spe</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-04712018000400405&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-04712018000400405&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-04712018000400405&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este trabajo presenta una síntesis de los mecanismos de financiamiento empleados para la mitigación de emisiones en el sector forestal a escala internacional y las experiencias desarrolladas en México. A su vez, se analizan las oportunidades de mitigación del sector Uso del Suelo, Cambio de Uso del Suelo y Silvicultura [Uscusys] mexicano para cumplir con los objetivos nacionales. A escala internacional, los proyectos forestales de carbono han participado en mercados voluntarios y de cumplimiento, aunque los proyectos de países en vías de desarrollo han tenido un papel limitado en el marco del Protocolo de Kioto. El desarrollo de nuevos mecanismos de mitigación en la Comisión Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático ha supuesto la necesidad de ampliar los enfoques para su financiamiento, que se ha materializado en acuerdos bilaterales y multilaterales en el caso del mecanismo de Reducción de Emisiones por Deforestación y Degradación forestal más la conservación, el manejo forestal sustentable y el incremento de los almacenes forestales [REDD+], en distintos países. En México, la participación del sector forestal en los mercados voluntarios y mecanismo para un desarrollo limpio ha sido, hasta el momento, limitada. Sin embargo, el país se ha preparado para la implementación de un mecanismo REDD+ a escala nacional y ha puesto en marcha su Iniciativa de Reducción de Emisiones [IRE]. Para alcanzar los objetivos de reducción de emisiones del sector Uscusys, México debe lograr una efectiva coordinación entre políticas forestales y de cambio climático y un óptimo aprovechamiento de los mecanismos financieros que se están gestando, destacándose la experiencia de la IRE y el desarrollo de un esquema regulado de comercio de emisiones a escala nacional. En este sentido, la aceptación de créditos de compensación de distintos tipos de proyectos forestales, en una visión más amplia a la contemplada en el pago opcional del impuesto al carbono a través de bonos de carbono, podría traducirse en importantes beneficios medioambientales, económicos y sociales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This paper presents a synthesis of the financing mechanisms used internationally for the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions in the forestry sector, and the experiences developed in Mexico. In addition, the mitigation opportunities of the Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry sector [Lulucf] to meet national goals are analyzed. At the international level, forest carbon projects have participated in voluntary and compliance market schemes although forest projects from developing countries have had a limited role under the Kyoto Protocol. The development of new mitigation mechanisms under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change [Unfccc] implied the need to expand the financing approaches, and the bilateral and multilateral agreements for the Reduction of Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation plus conservation, increase of carbon stocks and sustainable forest management [REDD+] mechanism in different countries, are examples of that. In Mexico, the participation of the forestry sector in the voluntary carbon market and the Clean Development Mechanism has been limited. However, the country engaged in the preparation of a REDD+ mechanism at the national level, and is implementing its Emissions Reduction Initiative [ERI]. To achieve emissions reduction goals in the Lulucf sector, Mexico must achieve an effective coordination between forestry and climate change policies and an optimal use of the financial mechanisms that are being developed, specially the ERI&#8217;s experience and the development of an Emission Trading Scheme at the national level. In this regard, the acceptance of offset credits from different types of forestry projects, in a broader perspective than that contemplated for the optional payment of the carbon tax through carbon credits, could result in important environmental, economic and social benefits.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[impuesto al carbono]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mercados de carbono]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[nuevos mecanismos de mitigación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[REDD +]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[carbon tax]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[carbon markets]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[new mitigation mechanisms]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[REDD +]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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