0301-7036
0301-7036
S0301-70362024000100113
10.22201/iiec.20078951e.2024.216.70085
Ecuador
00
03
2024
00
03
2024
55
216
113
139
[
2015
]
[
2010
14
2
2
]
[
2020
]
[
2019
22
1
1
]
[
Banco Mundial
2023
]
[
1967
57
3
3
]
[
2012
3-15
]
[
1985
75
4
4
]
[
2007
10
1
1
]
[
2009
]
[
2018
77
303
303
]
[
2014
]
[
2014
92
92
]
[
2019
40
30
30
]
[
2014
80
80
]
[
1975
]
[
2020
8
8
8
]
[
2015
105-35
]
[
2021
2/2021
2/2021
]
[
2018
49
6
6
]
[
2010
125
1
1
]
[
1987
55
2
2
]
[
2008
153-72
]
[
1996
42
3
3
]
[
2002
]
[
2006
24
24
]
[
1982
19
1
1
]
[
2017
37
3-4
3-4
]
[
2010
3825-66
]
[
1969
37
3
3
]
[
2005
25
2
2
]
[
2001
63
]
[
2023
36
1
1
]
[
2004
24
1
1
]
[
2016
5
1
1
]
[
1990
52
2
2
]
[
1984
43
167
167
]
[
2018
]
[
2020
82
6
6
]
[
1973
63
3
3
]
[
2014
490
490
]
[
2018
]
[
1954
22
2
2
]
[
2009
]
[
2019
50
2
2
]
[
2000
11
2
2
]
[
2010
33
93
93
]
[
2012
32
5
5
]
[
2013
27
27
]
[
2008
28
3
3
]
[
2021
30
6
6
]
[
2005
19
2
2
]
[
2001
53
4
4
]
[
2010
]
[
2005
71-116
]
[
2019
86
344
344
]
[
1999
371-413
]
[
2001
16
3
3
]
[
2021
149
]
[
2006
17
1
1
]
[
2019
11
4
4
]
[
2009
65
65
]
[
2015
21
]
[
1999
46
1
1
]
[
2015
13-38
]
[
2016
7767
7767
]
[
2019
5
6
6
]
[
2005
17
2006
2006
]
[
2010
42
30
30
]
[
2012
23
4
4
]
[
2015
34
]
[
2015
65-83
]
[
1995
66
]
[
2009
33
3
3
]
[
2000
]
[
2003
9
3
3
]
[
2004
]
[
2015
56
6
6
]
[
2012
116-37
]
[
2019
7
2
2
]