<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0301-7036</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Problemas del desarrollo]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Prob. Des]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0301-7036</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0301-70362021000300085</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/iiec.20078951e.2021.206.69731</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Exploring the U-shape geographical bias in manufactured exports of MERCOSUR countries]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Explorando el sesgo geográfico U en las exportaciones manufactureras en los países del MERCOSUR]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delbianco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fioriti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Germán]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional del Sur Instituto de Matemática de Bahía Blanca Departamento de Economía]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional del Sur Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales del Sur Departamento de Economía]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>206</numero>
<fpage>85</fpage>
<lpage>114</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0301-70362021000300085&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0301-70362021000300085&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0301-70362021000300085&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract We proposed a novel approach to understand the industrialization pattern of Mercosur countries during the last 60 years. We performed an index to measure the geographical bias of manufactured exports between the region and the world and showed that regional trade agreements allowed Mercosur countries to decrease the bias and increase competitiveness. However, we noted that in recent years the bias deepened in favor of exporting a higher proportion of manufactured goods to the region. Our main result is that these economies present a U-shape geographical bias in manufactured exports associated with a bimodal distribution of breaks. Furthermore, we observed that the 1980s and 2000s were the most relevant periods for defining the region trends.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Se propone una metodología nueva para entender el patrón de industrialización en los países del MERCOSUR durante los últimos 60 años. Se desarrolla un índice para medir el sesgo geográfico de las exportaciones manufactureras entre esta región y el mundo, y se muestra que los acuerdos comerciales permitieron a los países del MERCOSUR reducir el sesgo e incrementar la productividad. Sin embargo, se evidencia que en años recientes el sesgo se ha profundizado en favor de exportar bienes manufacturados a la región. El hallazgo principal es que esas economías presentan un sesgo geográfico en forma de U de las exportaciones manufactureras asociado a una distribución bimodal de roturas. Más aún, se observa que las décadas de 1980 y la de 2000 fueron las más relevantes para definir las tendencias en la región.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[economic integration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[MERCOSUR]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[industrialization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[intra-industry trade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[exports]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[integración económica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[MERCOSUR]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[industrialización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[comercio intra-industrial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[exportaciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[F1]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[F10]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[F15]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[F14]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[O14]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[O54]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bekerman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dulcich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dependencia comercial y patrones de especialización en un proceso de integración regional: el caso de Argentina y Brasil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Desarrollo Económico]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>211</numero>
<issue>211</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bekerman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rikap]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Integración regional y diversificación de exportaciones en el Mercosur: el caso de Argentina y Brasil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de la CEPAL]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<numero>100</numero>
<issue>100</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bekerman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Latin American perspective on trade policies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The International Trade Journal]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clemente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montañes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Testing for a unit root in variables with a double change in the mean]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economics Letters]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cooper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Massell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Toward a general theory of custom unions for developing countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Political Economy]]></source>
<year>1965</year>
<volume>LXXIII</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corbella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarmento]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La integración comercial y productiva de ALADI y su cambio estructural]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[EconomíaUNAM]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>41</numero>
<issue>41</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cordero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Intensidad de la integración en el MERCOSUR: Complementariedad y sesgo geográfico no explicado]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ LIIIReunión Anual de la Asociación Argentina de Economía Política]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>La Plata </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Cicco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calá]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berges]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El comercio intraindustrial argentino: evolución y características en la convertibilidad y la postconvertibilidad]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Faces]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>19</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delbianco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fioriti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Were financial flows in Latin America and the Caribbean shifted by their crises?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Finance and Economics]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delbianco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fioriti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[External cycles and commodities in Latin America and the Caribbean: A cointegration analysis with breaks]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lecturas de Economía]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<numero>88</numero>
<issue>88</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delbianco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fioriti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dependence of Latin America external sector on commodities prices. A contemporaneity analysis using structural breaks]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Económica, La Plata]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>LXIV</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dickey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Testing for unit roots in seasonal time series]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the American Statistical Associations]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<numero>79</numero>
<issue>79</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di John]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[From windfall to curse? oil and industrialization in Venezuela, 1920 to the present]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The Pennsylvania State University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durán Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lo Turco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El comercio intrarregional en América Latina: patrón de especialización y potencial exportador]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Terra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los impactos de la crisis internacional en América Latina: ¿hay margen para el diseño de políticas regionales?]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>91-150</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Red MERCOSUR]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fajnzylber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Competitividad internacional: evolución y lecciones]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de la CEPAL]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<numero>36</numero>
<issue>36</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frankel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rose]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The endogeneity of the Optimum Currency Area Criteria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Economic Journal]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>108</volume>
<numero>449</numero>
<issue>449</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fullerton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sawyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ch.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sprinkle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intra-industry trade in Latin America and the Caribbean]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Trade Journal]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<numero>25</numero>
<issue>25</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gayá]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Michalczewsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El comercio intrarregional sudamericano: patrón exportador y flujos intraindustriales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nota técnica]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[BID]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ganancias de competitividad: un enfoque agregado y de largo plazo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis Económico]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>XXIV</volume>
<numero>57</numero>
<issue>57</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delbianco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Together or piled up. A new approach to Mercosur's lifetime]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Economía Mundial,]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<numero>57</numero>
<issue>57</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harberger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A vision of the growth process]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Economic Review]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Helpman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krugman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Trade policy and market structure]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MIT Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villalobos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El dinamismo de la renta petrolera y la industria manufacturera venezolana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Ciencias Sociales]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>III</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>International Monetary Fund</collab>
<source><![CDATA[World Economic Outlook Database]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ch.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regional trade arrangements and intra-industry trade: The case of Mercosur]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Asian Journal of Latin America Studies]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krugman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Scale economies, product differentiation, and the pattern of trade]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Economic Review]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lo Turco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Integración regional Sur-Sur y desarrollo industrial asimétrico: el caso Mercosur]]></article-title>
<collab>Red MERCOSUR</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Asimetrías en el MERCOSUR ¿Impedimento para el crecimiento?]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>89-130</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Red MERCOSUR]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucángeli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La especialización intraindustrial en MERCOSUR]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Serie Macroeconomía del Desarrollo]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<numero>64</numero>
<issue>64</issue>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[División de Desarrollo Económico]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lumsdaine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Papell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multiple trend breaks and the unit-root hypothesis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Review of Economics and Statistics]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moncarz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olarreaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaillant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regionalism as industrial policy: Evidence from MERCOSUR]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Review of Development Economics]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The great crash, the oil price shock, and the unit root hypothesis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Econometrica]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vogelsang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Testing for a unit root in a time series with a changing mean: Corrections and extensions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Business and Economic Statistics]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Venables]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trading arrangements and industrial development]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The World Bank Economic Review]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reig Lorenzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puchet Anyul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El rol de Uruguay y México en la integración comercial del MERCOSUR y del TLCAN: 1990-2016]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Problemas del Desarrollo. Revista Latinoamericana de Economía]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>198</numero>
<issue>198</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richards]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estancamiento económico y modelo exportador en Paraguay. Un análisis de series de tiempo]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Masi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estado y Economía en Paraguay 1870-2010]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>114-46</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[CADEP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanguinetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siedschlag]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Volpe Martincus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impact of South-South preferential trade agreements on industrial development: An empirical test]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Inter-American Development Bank Working paper]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Swanson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las exportaciones de productos industriales paraguayos en el marco del ACE 59]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Syrquin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chenery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Three decades of industrialization]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The World Bank Economic Review]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Venables]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Winners and losers from regional integration agreements]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Economic Journal]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>113</volume>
<numero>490</numero>
<issue>490</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Volpe Martincus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Changing specialization patterns in MERCOSUR]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fifth Annual Meeting of ETSG]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yeats]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does Mercosur's trade performance raise concerns about the effects of regional trade arrangements?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The World Bank Economic Review]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zivot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrews]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Further evidence on the great crash, the oil price shock and the unit-root hypothesis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Business and Economic Statistics]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
