<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-4611</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigaciones geográficas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Invest. Geog]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-4611</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geografía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-46112024000200105</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14350/rig.60851</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Consumos de energía eléctrica bajo un contexto de temperaturas extremas e isla de calor en el norte de México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Electricity consumption under extreme temperatures and heat island in northern Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sisto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nicholas P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vivas Pacheco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Harvy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lara-Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eimmy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila Centro de Investigaciones Socioeconómicas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Saltillo Coahuila]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Valle Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Económicas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santiago de Cali ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas, Económicas y Financieras ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Pereira ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>114</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-46112024000200105&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-46112024000200105&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-46112024000200105&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[resumen está disponible en el texto completo]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Electricity users in Northern Mexico have high consumption with a marked seasonality compared to other regions of the country, which allows modeling the relationship between electricity consumption and climatic variables. The study is applied for the federal entities in Mexico and for the city of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, using series from the Energy Information System (SIE) of the Ministry of Energy (SENER) and the National Meteorological Service (SMN) of the National Water Commission (CONAGUA) between January 2002 and November 2017. The indicators correspond to national monthly electricity consumption for each year, monthly consumption per user, monthly consumption per user per federal entity. The relationship between monthly electricity consumption per user and the monthly average daily maximum temperature per state is studied. In the case of Monterrey, the following variables are included for the analysis: number of users, electricity price, monthly average daily maximum temperature, monthly average daily minimum temperature, number of days with maximum temperature above 35 °C per month and number of days with minimum temperature above 23 °C per month. The representativeness of the data for Monterrey and its conurbation area was evaluated by calculating the population density at the municipal level using data from INEGI's 2020 National Population and Housing Census. Initially, an exploratory data analysis was performed, before moving on to regression analysis including the number of users, price and climate variables to understand their influence on electricity consumption. The national results by federative entity reveal significant variability in electricity consumption in Mexico throughout the year, with a peak during the summer quarter. This inter-annual variability has a clear seasonality and reflects regional differences in consumption levels and variability between states. Regional heterogeneity is explained by the influence of geographic and climatic differences: the northern states have higher electricity consumption and inter-annual variability, due to the high temperatures during the period from July to September, when there is greater use of electrical devices to mitigate the extreme heat, such as fans and air conditioners. The results for Monterrey show that electricity consumption has an increasing trend over time, with a marked increase in the month of August. The number of electricity users and the price of electricity also show increasing trends, with notable fluctuations in price, reflecting the tariff policies of the Federal Electricity Commission. Climatic variables, such as maximum and minimum daily temperature, as well as the number of days with extreme temperatures, show a clear seasonality, with peaks during the summer months. From the regression analysis, a strong correlation between climatic variables and monthly electricity consumption is observed, with significant impacts on consumption for each additional unit of temperature or day with extreme temperature. In particular, an additional degree in the average monthly maximum daily temperature adds 23,598 megawatt-hours to monthly electricity consumption, equivalent to the electricity requirements of 47,000 average homes. Finally, it is highlighted that climate effects, including the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon, can have an impact on electricity consumption, in which a 3 °C increase in the monthly average daily maximum temperature can mean, in terms of electricity consumption, providing service to half a million additional inhabitants. The findings of this research are important for energy policy, insofar as they show the need to consider the location of generation capacity and transmission infrastructure, the choice of generation technologies, and the assessment of the potential for distributed generation. For urban planning, the results offer perspectives for cost-benefit analysis of Urban Heat Island (UHI) mitigation measures that could generate significant savings in electricity consumption and positive impacts on public health, implying both private and social benefits. It is further concluded that despite the extensive study of the UHI in Mexico, challenges remain in its measurement and in understanding its multiple consequences, including, beyond electricity consumption, water consumption and public health risks. This opens a promising line of research to contribute to decision making and to address the challenges associated with the impact of climate on electricity consumption at national, regional and local levels.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[electricidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[clima]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[patrones regionales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Monterrey]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Nuevo León]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[México]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[electricity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[climate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[regional patterns]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Monterrey]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nuevo León]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mexico]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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