<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-7151</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta botánica mexicana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Act. Bot. Mex]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-7151</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Ecología A.C., Centro Regional del Bajío]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-71512022000100119</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21829/abm129.2022.2023</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Scarification of yellow mombin endocarps (Spondias mombin, Anacardiaceae) due to passage through the digestive tract of mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata mexicana): a microscopic look]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Escarificación de endocarpos del jobo (Spondias mombin, Anacardiaceae) debido al paso por el tracto digestivo de monos aulladores de manto (Alouatta palliata mexicana): un vistazo microscópico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres-Anaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniela Alicia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dáttilo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wesley]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosas-Saito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Greta Hanako]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serio-Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Ecología, A.C.  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Veracruz]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Ecología, A.C.  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Veracruz]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Ecología, A.C.  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Veracruz]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Ecología, A.C.  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Veracruz]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>129</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-71512022000100119&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-71512022000100119&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-71512022000100119&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Background and Aims:  Several studies have emphasized the important role of howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata mexicana) in seed dispersal and, as a result, in the regeneration of fleshy-fruited plant populations in tropical forests. However, there is little empirical evidence regarding the possible mechanisms that would allow howler monkeys to promote seed germination of many plant species, including seed coat scarification. In this study, we evaluated whether endocarps of Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae), an important species in howler monkey diet, could be scarified by passage through the digestive tract of these primates.  Methods:  We collected endocarps from howler monkey feces as well as ripe fruits fallen on the ground, in the region of Los Tuxtlas, Catemaco municipality, Veracruz, Mexico. By analyzing endocarp transverse sections using a scanning electron microscope, we measured the thickness of the outer layer and tested differences between both types of samples (i.e., fruit endocarps and endocarps that had passed through the digestive tract).  Key results:  We observed that the outer layer thickness of endocarps in fruits was greater (   X ~=47.05±9.69 µm) than that of endocarps found in feces (   X ~=1.51±3.60 µm) (W=0.48, p&lt;0.001).  Conclusions:  Our results highlight that consumption of S. mombin endocarps by A. p. mexicana may have a scarification effect on the tissues that constitute the outer layer. This supports the hypothesis of the role of frugivores, such as howler monkeys, in reducing the seed coat and thus increasing germination ability; therefore, being key organisms in regeneration dynamics of tropical forests.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Antecedentes y Objetivos:  Diversos estudios han destacado el importante papel de los monos aulladores (Alouatta palliata mexicana) en la dispersión de semillas y, con ello, en la regeneración de las poblaciones de plantas con frutos carnosos de los bosques tropicales. Sin embargo, poca es la evidencia empírica sobre cuáles podrían ser los mecanismos que les permitiría a los monos aulladores favorecer la germinación de las semillas de muchas especies de plantas, incluyendo la escarificación de su cubierta externa. En este trabajo se evaluó si los endocarpos de Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae), una especie importante en la dieta de los monos aulladores, podrían ser escarificados al pasar por el tracto digestivo de estos primates.  Métodos:  Se colectaron endocarpos de las heces de monos aulladores, así como frutos maduros del suelo, en la región de Los Tuxtlas, municipio Catemaco, Veracruz, México. Mediante cortes transversales de los endocarpos y su análisis en el microscopio electrónico de barrido, se tomaron medidas del grosor de la cubierta externa y probaron las diferencias entre ambos tipos de muestras (i.e., endocarpos de frutos y endocarpos que pasaron por el tracto digestivo).  Resultados clave:  Se observó que el grosor de la cubierta de los endocarpos en frutos fue mayor (   X ~=47.05±9.69 µm) que el de endocarpos en heces (   X ~=1.51±3.60 µm) (W=0.48, p&lt;0.001).  Conclusiones:  Los resultados evidencian que la ingesta de endocarpos de S. mombin por A. p. mexicana puede tener un efecto de escarificación de los tejidos que conforman su cubierta externa. Esto apoya la versión sobre la función de los frugívoros, como los monos aulladores, reduciendo la cubierta externa de las semillas y aumentando así su capacidad para germinar; siendo, por lo tanto, organismos clave en la dinámica de regeneración de bosques tropicales.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[frugivory]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[primates]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[scanning electron microscopy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[seed dispersal effectiveness]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[efectividad de dispersión de semillas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[frugivoría]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[microscopía electrónica de barrido]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[primates]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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