<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-7151</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta botánica mexicana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Act. Bot. Mex]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-7151</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Ecología A.C., Centro Regional del Bajío]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-71512022000100104</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21829/abm129.2022.1991</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Comparative estimations of betalains and sugars in fruits of five species of Selenicereus (Cactaceae)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Comparación del contenido de betalaínas y azúcares en frutos de cinco especies de Selenicereus (Cactaceae)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Orozco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arith F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Victoria]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Ecología  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Xalapa Veracruz]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>129</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-71512022000100104&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-71512022000100104&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-71512022000100104&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Background and Aims:  Betalains are water pigments reported for most species in the order Caryophyllales, to which the family Cactaceae belongs, with benefits as antioxidants in nutrition and human health. The objective of this paper is to determine the quantity of the betalains (betaxanthins and betacyanins) and sugars present in five taxa of Selenicereus, from the Hylocereus clade, commonly utilized for their edible fruit, including S. ocamponis which is an underutilized species, and scarcely cultivated in Mexico.  Methods:  Fruits from wild and cultivated plants were collected in Puebla, Veracruz and Yucatán (Mexico) and Valle del Cauca (Colombia) between April and June 2019, and their betalain and sugar content were estimated from frozen fruit. The method proposed by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists was followed to estimate the sugar content. A spectrophotometric method was utilized for estimation of betalains.  Key results:  The highest total betalain content was found in species with fruits of purple pulp and pericarp such as S. ocamponis (5.30 and 4.03 mg/100 g of fresh weight, respectively). Glucose and fructose content was considerable in some samples: S. undatus with 5.99 and 2.87 mg/100 g and S. ocamponis with 5.30 and 4.03 mg/100 g respectively.  Conclusions:  This study identified large variation in total betalain content in the pericarps of wild and cultivated fruits in S. undatus (2.47-37.11 mg/100 g of fresh weight), which might be related to their management and selection. Estimated total betalain content of wild plants of this species was higher than in some cultivated plants. These results suggest that wild S. undatus plants might represent a good source for breeding programs. The cultivation of species with purple pulp and pericarp should be promoted, so they can be utilized as colorants in food industry.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Antecedentes y Objetivos: Las betalaínas son pigmentos solubles en agua reportados para la mayoría de las especies en Caryophyllales, orden al que pertenece la familia Cactaceae. Estos pigmentos poseen beneficios en la nutrición y la salud humana como antioxidantes. El objetivo de este artículo es el de determinar la cantidad de betalaínas (betaxantinas y betacianinas) y azúcares presentes en cinco taxones de Selenicereus, del grupo Hylocereus, los cuales son comúnmente utilizados por sus frutos comestibles, incluyendo S. ocamponis, una especie subutilizada y escasamente cultivada en México.  Métodos:  Se recolectaron frutos de plantas silvestres y cultivadas en Puebla, Veracruz y Yucatán (México) y el Valle del Cauca en Colombia entre los meses de abril a junio de 2019, y se estimó el contenido de betalaínas y azúcares de sus frutos una vez congelados. Se siguió el método propuesto por la &#8220;Association of Official Analytical Chemists&#8221; para estimar el contenido de azúcares. Para la determinación de betalaínas se utilizaron métodos espectrofotométricos.  Resultados clave:  El mayor contenido de betalaínas se encontró en especies de frutos con pulpa y exocarpio púrpura como S. ocamponis (5.30 y 4.03 mg/100 g de peso fresco, respectivamente). El contenido de glucosa y fructosa en algunas muestras fue considerable: S. undatus con 5.99 y 2.87 mg/100 g y S. ocamponis con 5.30 y 4.03 mg/100 g, respectivamente.  Conclusiones:  Este estudio identificó una gran variación en el contenido total de betalaínas en el exocarpio de frutos silvestres y cultivados en S. undatus (2.47-37.11 mg/100 g de peso fresco), lo que podría estar relacionado con su manejo y selección. El contenido total estimado de betalaínas de plantas silvestres de esta especie fue más alto que en algunas plantas cultivadas. Estos resultados sugieren que las plantas silvestres de S. undatus representan un buen recurso para programas de reproducción. Se debe promover el cultivo de especies con frutos de pulpa y exocarpio de color púrpura para que puedan ser utilizados en la industria alimentaria como colorantes.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antioxidant]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[betacyanin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[betaxanthin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fructose]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hylocereus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[antioxidante]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[betacianinas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[betaxantinas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fructosa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Hylocereus]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>AOAC</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Official Methods of Analysis]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<edition>19th</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, DC, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Véliz-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diversidad y distribución de las Cactaceae en Guatemala]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biodiversidad de Guatemala]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>229-38</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Guatemala, Guatemala ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Guatemala]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A synopsis of the tribe Hylocereeae F. Bux. Cactaceae]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin of the International Cactaceae Systematics Group]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>1-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bravo-Hollis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Flora Mesoamericana]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buriticá]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cartagena Valenzuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Neotropical and introduced fruits with special tastes and consistencies that are consumed in Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía-Medellín]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>7589-618</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cálix de Dios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A new subspecies of Hylocereus undatus (Cactaceae) from southeastern Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Haseltonia]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>11-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castellanos-Santiago]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yahia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Identification and quantification of betalains from the fruits of 10 Mexican prickly pear cultivars by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>14</numero>
<issue>14</issue>
<page-range>5758-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Mello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Odebrecht-Dias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bileski Candido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antioxidant properties, quantification and stability of betalains from pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) peel]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cie&#770;ncia Rural, Santa Maria]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>323-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esquivel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stintzing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of morphological and chemical fruit traits from different pitaya genotypes (Hylocereus sp.) grown in Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>81</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>7-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faridah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Syukri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holinesti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Simple characterization of betalain compound from red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel solution]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>56-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galán Saúco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hormaza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tropical and subtropical fruits]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Horticulture: plants for people and places]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>123-57</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Dordrecht, Netherlands ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gandía-Herrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escribano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Carmona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biological activities of plant pigments betalains]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Critical Review in Food Science and Nutrition]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>937-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García de Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. A. de]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sartori-Paoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cota-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pericarp development in fruit of epiphytic cacti: implications for fruit classification and macro-morphology in the Cactaceae]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Botany]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>96</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>621-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gengatharan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dykes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Stability of betacyanin from red pitahaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) and its potential application as a natural colourant]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Food Science and Technology]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<page-range>427-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrero-Rubio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escribano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Carmona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gandía-Herrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Light emission in betalains: from fluorescent flowers to biotechnological applications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trends in Plant Science]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>159-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibrahim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. R. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohamed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khedr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zayed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El-Kholy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. A. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genus Hylocereus: beneficial phytochemicals, nutritional importance, and biological relevance (a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Food Biochemistry]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jayasinghe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernando]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jayamanne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hettiarachchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Production of a novel fruit-yogurt using dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus L.)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Scientific Journal]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>208-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Korotkova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A phylogenetic framework for the Hylocereeae (Cactaceae) and implications for the circumscription of the genera]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phytotaxa]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>327</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mercado-Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pitaya: Hylocereus undatus (Haw.)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Exotic Fruits Reference Guide]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>339-48</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[London, UK ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academic Press-Elsevier]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mizrahi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vine-cacti pitayas: the new crops of the world]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>124-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montoya-Arroyo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schweiggert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pineda-Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sramek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kohlus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esquivel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Characterization of cell wall polysaccharides of purple pitaya (Hylocereus sp.) pericarp]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Food Hydrocolloids]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>557-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naderi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghazali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hussin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. S. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manap]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. Y. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Characterization and quantification of dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) betacyanin pigments extracted by two procedures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>33-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naseer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hussain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Betalain as a food colorant: its sources, chemistry and health benefits]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>31-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pimienta-Barrios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nobel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pitaya (Stenocereus spp., Cactaceae): an ancient and modern fruit crop of Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economic Botany]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<page-range>76-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pomeranz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meolan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Food analysis: theory and practice]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<page-range>32-4</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Chapman &amp; Hall]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Priatni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pradita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Stability study of betacyanin extract from red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) pericarps]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Procedia Chemistry]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>438-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qingzhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chengjie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pengkun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yuewen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jingyu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guibing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jietang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yonghua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transcriptomic analysis reveals key genes related to betalain biosynthesis in pulp coloration of Hylocereus polyrhizus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Frontiers in Plant Science]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>1179</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rahimi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abedimanesh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mesbah-Namin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ostradahimi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Betalains, the nature-inspired pigments, in health and diseases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>18</numero>
<issue>18</issue>
<page-range>2949-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>R Core Team</collab>
<source><![CDATA[R: A language and environment for statistical computing]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Vienna, Austria ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[R Foundation for Statistical Computing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Song]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[White pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) juice attenuates insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in diet-induced obese mice]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PlosOne]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz-Domínguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hylocereus ocamponis, una especie de pitaya mexicana poco conocida: un recurso promisorio]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cactáceas y Suculentas Mexicanas]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>4-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stintzing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[nctional properties of anthocyanins and betalains in plants, food and human nutrition]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trends in Food Science and Nutrition]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>19-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stintzing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Betalains - emerging prospects for food scientists]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trends in Food Science and Technology]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>514-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stintzing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schieber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Betacyanins in fruits from red-purple pitaya, Hylocereus polyrhizus (Weber) Britton &amp; Rose]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Food Chemistry]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>101-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stintzing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schieber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of colour properties and chemical quality parameters of cactus juices]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Food Research Technology]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>216</volume>
<page-range>303-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tel-Zur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abbo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bar-Zvi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mizrahi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genetic relationships among Hylocereus and Selenicereus vine cacti (Cactaceae): Evidence from hybridization and cytological studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annals of Botany]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>94</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>527-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Timoneda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sheehan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walker-Hale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pucker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopez-Nieves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brockington]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The evolution of betalain biosynthesis in Caryophyllales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New Phytologist]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>224</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>71-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaillant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dornier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reynes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Colorant and antioxidant properties of red-purple pitahaya (Hylocereus sp.)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fruits]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>3-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.-C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hsu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.-W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.-C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.-C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y-I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.-A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of red pitaya]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Food Chemistry]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>95</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>319-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wybranec]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mizrahi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fruit flesh betacyanin pigments in Hylocereus cacti]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>21</numero>
<issue>21</issue>
<page-range>6086-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transcriptome analysis clarified genes involved in betalain biosynthesis in the fruit of red pitayas (Hylocereus costaricensis)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Molecules]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>445</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Biostatistical Analysis]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<edition>5th</edition>
<page-range>960</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Upper Saddle River, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pearson]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
