<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-6236</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-6236</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-62362023000300105</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20937/atm.53059</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Time series trend analysis of rainfall and temperature over Kolkata and surrounding region]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arijit]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shreya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Srishty]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarkar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Neel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maitra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Animesh]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,West Bengal University of Technology Netaji Subhash Engineering College Electronics &amp; Communication Engineering Department]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Kolkata ]]></addr-line>
<country>India</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,West Bengal University of Technology Netaji Subhash Engineering College Department of Information Technology]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Kolkata ]]></addr-line>
<country>India</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Calcutta Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Kolkata ]]></addr-line>
<country>India</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>37</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-62362023000300105&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-62362023000300105&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-62362023000300105&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Studies of temperature and rainfall long-term variability in the context of climate change are important, particularly in regions where rainfed agriculture is predominant. Long-term trends of temperature and rainfall have been determined for Kolkata, India (a tropical region) using gridded monthly data from the Global Precipitation and Climate Centre (GPCC v. 7) with 0.5º × 0.5º resolution for the period 1901 to 2014. Precipitation concentration index, coefficient of variation, and rainfall anomaly have been calculated and Palmer drought severity index has been analyzed. Furthermore, the Mann-Kendall test and Sen&#8217;s slope estimate have been used to detect time series trend. Annual temperature and rainfall have increased at a rate of 0.0082ºC yr-1 and 0.03 mm yr-1, respectively. Most months show statistically significant increasing trends for temperature and rainfall. Rainfall with high precipitation concentration index (16-20) has been observed for the period 1951-1975 and 1976-2000. The number of years with dry conditions has increased. However, the intensity of dryness is very close to zero. The information from this study will be helpful for farmers to plan for resilient farming.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Los estudios de la variabilidad a largo plazo de la temperatura y las precipitaciones en el contexto del cambio climático son importantes, especialmente en las regiones donde predomina la agricultura de temporal. Se han determinado las tendencias a largo plazo de la temperatura y la lluvia para Kolkata, India (una región tropical), utilizando datos mensuales reticulados del Centro Mundial de Climatología de las Precipitaciones (GPCC v. 7) con una resolución de 0.5º × 0.5º para el periodo 1901-2014. Se han calculado el índice de concentración de precipitación, el coeficiente de variación y la anomalía de las precipitaciones, y se ha analizado el índice de severidad de la sequía de Palmer. Además, se han utilizado la prueba de Mann-Kendall y la estimación de la pendiente de Sen para detectar la tendencia de las series de tiempo. La temperatura y las precipitaciones anuales han aumentado a un ritmo de 0.0082 ºC y 0.03 mm por año, respectivamente. La mayoría de los meses muestran tendencias crecientes estadísticamente significativas para la temperatura y las precipitaciones. Se han observado precipitaciones con alto índice de concentración (16-20) para los periodos 1951-1975 y 1976-2000. Se ha incrementado el número de años con condiciones secas. Sin embargo, la intensidad de la sequía es cercana a cero. La información de este estudio será útil para que los agricultores planifiquen una agricultura resiliente.]]></p></abstract>
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