<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-5779</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Terra Latinoamericana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Terra Latinoam]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-5779</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de la Ciencia del Suelo A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-57792025000100609</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28940/terra.v43i.2196</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Actinomicetos Rizosféricos con Actividad Antagonista a la Mazorca Negra del Cacao (Phytophthora palmivora)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Rhizospheric Actinomycetes with Antagonistic Activity to the Black Cocoa Pod (Phytophthora palmivora)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abasolo-Pacheco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zambrano-Rios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karla]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reinoso-Viteri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dayanara]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Troncozo-Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrer-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yarelys]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo Campus Central ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Los Ríos]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,AGROTECBAN  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Los Ríos]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>43</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-57792025000100609&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-57792025000100609&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-57792025000100609&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: La mazorca negra del cacao (Phytophthora palmivora) representa una amenaza por la reducción drástica en el rendimiento de los cultivos y la pérdida de calidad en el grano de cacao en Ecuador. Una alternativa para combatir a este patógeno podría ser el uso de actinomicetos, que presentan características y metabolitos que inhiben el crecimiento de patógenos en plantas. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar actinomicetos rizosféricos con actividad antagonista a P. palmivora. Se aislaron y caracterizaron cinco actinomicetos de muestras de suelo de cultivos de cacao. Se realizaron ensayos in vitro (enfrentamientos duales) e in situ (sobre mazorcas de cacao), con las cepas de actinomicetos y con sus metabolitos. Se encontraron diferencias en el efecto antagónico in vitro de las cepas de actinomicetos frente a P. palmivora. La cepa ES3 obtuvo un porcentaje de inhibición del 74% seguido de las cepas GC y GC2 con valores de 64%. Para el efecto antagonista in vitro de los metabolitos de los actinomicetos sobre P. palmivora, se observó diferencia, siendo GC2 el que presentó mayor inhibición (63%). Así mismo el procentaje de severidad se redujo hasta un 55% con la cepa GC2. Los resultados indican que los actinomicetos tienen un potencial como biocontrolador de P. palmivora, particularmente la cepa GC2, la cuál demostro mejores resultados para la inhibición in vitro e in situ del fitopatógeno.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Summary: Cocoa black pod disease (Phytophthora palmivora) poses a threat due to the drastic reduction in crop yield and the loss of quality in cocoa beans in Ecuador. An alternative to combat this pathogen could be the use of actinomycetes, which possess characteristics and metabolites that inhibit the growth of plant pathogens. The objective of this study was to identify rhizospheric actinomycetes with antagonistic activity against P. palmivora. Actinomycetes were isolated from soil samples of cacao crops. Five strains were characterized morphologically and biochemically. In vitro (dual culture assays) and in situ (on cacao pods) tests were carried out with the actinomycete strains and their metabolites. Differences were found in the in vitro antagonistic effect of the actinomycete strains against P. palmivora. Strain ES3 obtained an inhibition percentage of 74%, followed by strains GC and GC2 with values of 64%. For the in vitro antagonistic effect of the actinomycete metabolites on P. palmivora, a difference was observed, with GC2 showing the highest inhibition (63%). Likewise, the severity percentage was reduced by up to 55% with strain GC2. The results indicate that actinomycetes have potential as a biocontrol agent for P. palmivora, particularly strain GC2, which showed the best results for in vitro and in situ inhibition of the phytopathogen.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[biocontrolador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fitopatógenos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[microorganismos de suelo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biocontroller]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[plant pathogens]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[soil microorganisms]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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