<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-5779</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Terra Latinoamericana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Terra Latinoam]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-5779</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de la Ciencia del Suelo A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-57792011000300343</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Mineralización de nitrógeno en el suelo de zonas áridas y semiáridas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Nitrogen Mineralization on Arid and Semi-Arid Land Soil]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Celaya-Michel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hernán]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castellanos-Villegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Sonora Depto. de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Hermosillo Sonora]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>343</fpage>
<lpage>356</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-57792011000300343&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-57792011000300343&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-57792011000300343&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El suelo de zonas áridas y semiáridas es típicamente bajo en materia orgánica por la escasa cubierta vegetal y limitada productividad. El escaso nitrógeno contenido en la materia orgánica de zonas áridas y semiáridas se transforma a compuestos inorgánicos vía los procesos de mineralización, que lo vuelven disponible para las plantas, por lo que se reconoce al nitrógeno como limitante para la productividad de las plantas en esos ecosistemas. La transformación de nitrógeno ocurre por la descomposición y mineralización llevada a cabo por los microorganismos del suelo, sin embargo en los ambientes áridos, no tienen siempre condiciones ideales para su actividad en cuanto a temperatura y humedad. No es fácil conocer la disponibilidad real de nitrógeno por las dificultades que ocurren con los diferentes métodos para medir la mineralización, como son perturbar el suelo, eliminar raíces, limitar la aireación y el flujo del agua. A diferencia de otros ecosistemas, la mineralización de nitrógeno en ecosistemas áridos y semiáridos se da en parches, de manera heterogénea, en respuesta a condiciones de microclima y aporte de materia orgánica por la mayor riqueza y abundancia de las plantas presentes en islas de fertilidad, resultando en el mayor contenido de nitrógeno y otros nutrientes. De manera similar, los valores de mineralización de nitrógeno son mayores bajo el dosel de árboles y arbustos, especialmente leguminosas, comparado con los espacios abiertos adyacentes, lo cual es más acentuado en este tipo de ecosistemas áridos. Mayor cubierta de árboles o arbustos incrementa la presencia de islas de fertilidad, mayor mineralización de nitrógeno, fertilidad del suelo y utilización eficiente de pulsos de lluvia, aumentando la capacidad de amortiguamiento y resiliencia del ecosistemas de zonas áridas y semiáridas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Arid and semi-arid lands soils have low soil organic matter content because of small plant cover and limited primary productivity. Scarce nitrogen content in arid and semi-arid soil organic matter is transformed to inorganic forms through mineralization, making it available to plants, is known as a major limitation to plant productivity in these ecosystems. Nitrogen transformation through decomposition and mineralization is carried on by soil microorganisms, although in arid land environments, optimal temperature and soil moisture growing conditions are not always present, only after rainfall pulses. Nitrogen availability has been difficult to measure because different methods can result in soil disturbance, removal of roots, and limit air and water exchange. Nitrogen mineralization in arid and semi-arid ecosystems are highly heterogeneous throughout the landscape and occurs in patches or fertility islands, because of their unique microclimatic, richness and abundance of plants, as well as nitrogen content in their soil. Those conditions increase nitrogen mineralization under the canopy of trees and shrubs, particularly under nitrogen-fixing legumes, compared to open interspaces where plant cover is scarce. Increased tree and shrub plant cover promote the presence of fertile islands, larger nitrogen mineralization, soil fertility and a rainfall pulses&#8217; use, increasing buffer capacity and resilience of arid and semi-arid ecosystems.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desiertos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[descomposición]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[islas de fertilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[deserts]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[decomposition]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[islands of fertility]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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