0186-7210
0186-7210
S0186-72102025000100201
10.24201/edu.v40.e2230
Chile
Chile
00
00
2025
00
00
2025
40
[
2012
27
53-84
]
[
2011
8
3
3
]
[
2004
10
40
40
71-95
]
[
2008
7
53-69
]
[
2006
]
[
1999
36
2
2
195-203
]
[
2002
57
3
3
S145-57
]
[
2018
2
131-44
]
[
1999
61
3
3
674-87
]
[
CEPAL
2022
]
[
2002
45
1
1
1-20
]
[
2010
]
[
2002
]
[
2014
654
1
1
110-26
]
[
2017
53
1
1
182-200
]
[
2018
52
52
]
[
2018
370-93
]
[
2021
45
]
[
2017
]
[
2016
83
329
329
5-34
]
[
2018
15
221-3
]
[
2018
15
3
3
237-50
]
[
2019
]
[
2022
21
21
]
[
2007
69
1
1
157-73
]
[
2010
8
3
3
207-18
]
[
Celade
2009
11-28
]
[
INE
2014
]
[
INE
2017
]
[
INE
2018
]
[
INE
2019
]
[
INE
]
[
2012
34
4
4
449-74
]
[
2000
43
2
2
211-29
]
[
2010
4
8
8
642-57
]
[
2001
]
[
2015
]
[
2013
]
[
2008
23
3
3
513-41
]
[
2016
22
87
87
133-60
]
[
2009
Buenos Aires
]
[
1996
14
4
4
677-702
]
[
2006
21
3
3
625-61
]
[
2015
30
3
3
597-649
]
[
2022
]
[
2010
]
[
2008
34
2
2
253-81
]
[
2005
32
80
80
127-54
]
[
2017
12
71-7
]
[
2012
41
5
5
1307-19
]
[
2024
32
63
63
]
[
2009
35
191-212
]
[
UC
Caja Los Andes
2017
]
[
United Nations
2005
]
[
United Nations
2017
]
[
United Nations
2019
]
[
United Nations
2022
]
[
2005
11
45
45
29-48
]
[
2018
3
2
2
129-57
]