<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0186-0348</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Secuencia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Secuencia]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0186-0348</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0186-03482023000100100</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18234/secuencia.v0i115.2006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El declive de la industria de la historieta en México: entre los procesos globalizadores y la falta de políticas públicas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Decline of the Comic Book Industry in Mexico: between Globalization Processes and the Lack of Public Policies]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes Robinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar Barceló]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mayer R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López Leyva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Santos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Centro de Enseñanza Técnica y Superior (CETYS Universidad) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Baja California  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Enseñanza Técnica y Superior (CETYS Universidad)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Baja California  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>115</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0186-03482023000100100&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0186-03482023000100100&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0186-03482023000100100&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: El crecimiento de las industrias culturales y creativas ha cambiado la concepción social de los productos de la actividad artística, que se están convirtiendo en importantes instrumentos de desarrollo en muchos lugares del mundo. Sin embargo, la industria nacional luce cada vez menos competitiva. El presente trabajo explora los efectos de la globalización en la industria de la historieta en México, y presenta una visión de su futuro a partir de la evidencia empírica disponible y de las opiniones de distintas partes interesadas en el sector, acerca de las circunstancias, necesidades y retos que se enfrentan, así como de lo que se debería hacer para aprovechar la tendencia de la industria internacional. Se concluye que será difícil revertir este proceso sin un cambio en las políticas públicas que lleve hacia la creación de un ambiente que permita explotar el potencial económico.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: The growth of the cultural and creative industries has changed the conception of the products of artistic activity, which are becoming important instruments of development in many parts of the world. However, the national industry looks less and less competitive. This paper explores the effects of globalization on the comic book industry in Mexico and presents a vision of its future based on the available empirical evidence and the opinions of different industry stakeholders, on the circumstances, needs and challenges faced by the sector, as well as what should be done to take advantage of the international industry trend. It is concluded that it will be difficult to reverse this process without a change in public policies that will lead to the creation of an environment that will allow to exploit the economic potential.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[industrias culturales y creativas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[industria del cómic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[historieta mexicana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[globalización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[políticas públicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cultural and creative industries]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[comic book industry]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mexican comic book]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[globalization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[public policies]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akmanova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kurzaeva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kopylova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The models of the media educational concept of developing lifelong selflearning individual readiness]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Media Education (Mediaobrazovanie)]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>3-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avilés-Ochoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canizalez-Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Industrias culturales y crecimiento económico. Un modelo para el estudio del surgimiento de clusters creativos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economía, Sociedad y Territorio]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>47</numero>
<issue>47</issue>
<page-range>185-216</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bennett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Savage]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Warde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gayo-Cal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wright]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Culture, class, distinction]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhattacharya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Historia y política en México. Algunos aspectos de las historietas de Rius]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios sobre la Historieta]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>34</numero>
<issue>34</issue>
<page-range>82-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bravo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Otra de Monreal: 15% de cuota de catálogo en Netflix]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceso (opinión)]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bolaños]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Impacto de la revista, la gran prensa y la historieta en la conciencia social]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Ciencia, Cultura y Educación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brandellero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kloosterman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Keeping the market at bay: exploring the loci of innovation in the cultural industries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Creative Industries Journal]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>61-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brienza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Books, not comics: Publishing fields, globalization, and Japanese manga in the United States]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Publishing Research Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>101-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brienza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Did manga conquer America? Implications for the cultural policy of&#8220;Cool Japan&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Cultural Policy]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>383-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The comic book film adaptation: Exploring modern Hollywood&#8217;s leading genre]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Jackson, MS ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University Press of Mississippi]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera-Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relevancia, pertinencia y socialización del conocimiento, ¿cómo contribuyen los investigadores a la innovación de Ensenada, México?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Investigaciones Regionales - Journal of Regional Research]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<numero>37</numero>
<issue>37</issue>
<page-range>31-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera-Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León-Pozo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durazo-Watanabe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Innovation and collaboration in the DNA of a cultural industry: Craft beer in Baja California]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peris-Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera-Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serrano-Santoyo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cultural and creative industries: a path to entrepreneurship and innovation]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>155-79</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caicedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cómics, memoria y procesos masivos de violación de derechos. Una breve visita a Iberoamérica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Foro Revista de Derecho]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<numero>31</numero>
<issue>31</issue>
<page-range>23-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camacho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las historietas de El Buen Tono (1904-1922): la litografía al servicio de la industria]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IIE-UNAM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intersticios de la posmodernidad en el manga mexicano Drem]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[RICSH Revista Iberoamericana de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>16</numero>
<issue>16</issue>
<page-range>55-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Technopoles of the world: The making of twenty-first-century industrial complex]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chávez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La alta modernidad visual y la intermedialidad de la historieta en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Hispanic Research Journal]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>155-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Beukelaer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Creative industries in &#8220;developing&#8221; countries: Questioning country classifications in the UNCTAD creative economy reports]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cultural Trends]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>232-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dixon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A brief history of comic book movies]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Etzkowitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The triple helix: University-industry-government innovation and entrepreneurship]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Florida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Who&#8217;s your city? How the creative economy is making where you live the most important decision of your life]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Basic Books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galloway]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dunlop]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A critique of definitions of the cultural and creative industries in public policy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Cultural Policy]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>17-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gantús]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La increíble y triste historia de la cándida historieta y la industria desalmada]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Producciones Balazo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las industrias culturales y el desarrollo de los países americanos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Interamericana de Bibliografía]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McAnally]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La colaboración tecnocientífica de la universidad con su entorno en México: el caso de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>140</numero>
<issue>140</issue>
<page-range>1-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cómics &#8220;femeninos&#8221; y feministas en el México del siglo XX: de la representación a la autodesignación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Descentrada]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[creatividad, el recurso inagotable de América Latina y el Caribe]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economía Creativa]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>230-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El consumo de historietas sentimentales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comunicación y Sociedad]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>19-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hinds]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tatum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Not just for children: The Mexican comic book in the late 1960s and 1970s]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Westport ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Greenwood Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hionis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The economics of the modern American comic book market]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Cultural Economics]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>545-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iglesias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Creative potential and social change: Independent visual arts spaces in Tijuana]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peris-Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera-Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serrano-Santoyo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cultural and creative industries: a path to entrepreneurship and innovation]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>43-62</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>IMCO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Industrias creativas y obra protegida. Informalidad, redes ilegales, crecimiento de la industria y competitividad en México]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ixba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La creación del libro de texto gratuito en México (1959) y su impacto en la industria editorial de su tiempo: Autores y editoriales de ascendencia española]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Investigación Educativa]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>59</numero>
<issue>59</issue>
<page-range>1189-211</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Platformizing webtoons: The impact on creative and digital labor in South Korea]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Social Media + Society]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kloosterman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Recent employment trends in the cultural industries in Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, and Utrecht: a first exploration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Economic and Human Geography]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>95</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>243-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Demanding respect: The evolution of the American comic book]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Filadelfia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Temple University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayfield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayfield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Genestre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Strategic insights from the international comic book industry: A comparison of France, Italy, Japan, Mexico, and the U.S.A]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Business Review]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>82-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Green]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hidden innovation in the creative industries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Project Report. Nesta. Manchester Metropolitan University]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A political economy of the rise and fall of the Mexican comic book industry, 1970-1994]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Diego ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of California]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Behind the panel: Examining invisible labour in the comics publishing industry]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Publishing Research Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>336-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Núñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ríos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Violencia de género y erotismo. La construcción cultural de la violación sexual en un cómic de los años setenta en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Letras Históricas]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<numero>22</numero>
<issue>22</issue>
<page-range>227-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The trick of the trades: Media industry studies and the American comic book industry]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Banks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Production studies, the sequel! Cultural studies of global media industries]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>227-37</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. de]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El cambio de paradigma en el cine de cómic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Quaderns de Cine]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<numero>15</numero>
<issue>15</issue>
<page-range>15-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pustz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Comic book culture: fanboys and true]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Jackson, MS ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University Press of Mississippi]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Economía creativa en América Latina y el Caribe. Mediciones y desafíos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubenstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bad language, naked ladies, and other threats to the nation: A political history of comic books in Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The American Historical Review]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>588-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Jofras]]></surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuri-Alonso]]></surname>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Education and innovation in gastronomy: A case study of culinary art school in Tijuana, Mexico]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peris-Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera-Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serrano-Santoyo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cultural and creative industries: a path to entrepreneurship and innovation]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>155-79</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sassen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The global city: New York, London, Tokyo]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Princeton ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strauss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corbin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bases de la investigación cualitativa. Técnicas y procedimientos para desarrollar la teoría fundamentada]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Colombia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Universidad de Antioquia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Throsby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Introduction and overview]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ginsburgh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Throsby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Handbook of the economics of art and culture]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>vol. 1</volume>
<page-range>4-21</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Amsterdam ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>UNESCO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Industrias creativas. Cultura]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>UNESCO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Convención sobre la Protección y Promoción de la Diversidad de las Expresiones Culturales]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>UNCTAD</collab>
<collab>UNDP</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Creative economy report 2010: Creative economy: a feasible development option]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Geneva ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[United Nations]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Versaci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How comic books can change the way our students see literature: One teacher&#8217;s perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The English Journal]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>91</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>61-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[History of comics in education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comics in Education]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zacarías]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El papel del papel de PIPSA en los medios mexicanos de comunicación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comunicación y Sociedad]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<numero>25</numero>
<issue>25</issue>
<page-range>73-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
