<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-3325</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Salud mental]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Salud Ment]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-3325</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-33252007000400016</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Variables associated with the risk of eating disorders in adolescence]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Variables asociadas al riesgo de padecer trastornos alimentarios en la adolescencia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goñi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alfredo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arantzazu]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of the Basque Country Faculty of Psychology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>16</fpage>
<lpage>23</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-33252007000400016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-33252007000400016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-33252007000400016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Summary: It is very important to specify the generic affirmation that eating disorders mainly affect the female population, especially during adolescence. This study examined three variables associated with the risk of eating behaviour disorders (EBDs): age (early and late adolescence), physical self-concept and engagement in physical activity, as well as the interaction between these factors. This study, to be precise, aimed to clarify the following questions regarding the risk to the non-clinical adolescent population of suffering eating disorders: 1. Whether the risk is higher in the 15-18 age range than in the 12-14 one; 2. the relationship between risk and physical self-concept; 3. the relationship between risk and physical activity; and 4. whether the risk is always higher in women than in men, regardless of the three aforementioned variables (age, self-concept and sporting activity). There were 740 adolescent participants, 366 men (49.46%) and 374 women (50.54%), aged between 12 and 18 years (   X - = 14.33; SD=1.41). Three measurements were applied: the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI), by Garner and Olmsted, the Cuestionario de Autoconcepto Físico (CAF) by Goñi, Ruiz de Azúa and Rodríguez (2006), and a questionnaire on physical activity. Results confirm that, as indicated by significantly higher scores in the EDI, the risk of suffering from eating disorders is higher among women than men, in the 15-18 age range than in the 12-14 one, in those with a low physical self-concept and in those who engage only sporadically rather than regularly in some kind of physical activity. Therefore, age, self-concept and physical activity therefore become modulating variables of the risk of suffering from eating disorders. Improvement in self-concept and the acquisition of active life habits, factors which modulate the usual gender differences in eating disorders, are the objects of educational intervention; this intervention is particularly important for adolescent females aged between 15 and 18 years. Consequently, physical self-concept should be included not only in the designs of research projects focusing on the self-perception of the physical-self, but also in the designs of guidance programmes; special attention should be given to those who have developed a low self-perception of both their physical condition and physical attractiveness. Furthermore, moderate physical activity is clearly better than a sedentary lifestyle; engaging in regular physical activity is highly recommendable, in general, as a way of preventing eating disorders. Finally, the group most in need of educational support in this field is the population of female adolescents aged between 15 and 18 years. Two criteria are important: a) the promotion of regular physical activity may be one resource, although not the only one, since by itself is not effective enough to eradicate the risk of eating disorders; b) special attention should be given to those who have developed a low self-perception of both their physical condition and physical attractiveness.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Es bien conocido que los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCAs) afectan ante todo a la población femenina, muy especialmente durante la adolescencia. Ahora bien, ¿hasta qué punto cambia el riesgo de que la población adolescente no clínica padezca tales trastornos en función de variables que pueden ser objeto de atención preventiva? Este estudio pretendía esclarecer si dicho riesgo: 1. es mayor en el grupo de edad de 15-18 años que en el de 12-14 años; 2. si guarda relación con el autoconcepto físico; 3. si se relaciona con la actividad física practicada; 4. si es siempre mayor en las mujeres adolescentes que en los adolescentes varones con independencia de las tres variables citadas arriba. Participaron en el estudio 740 adolescentes, 366 hombres (49.46%) y 374 mujeres (50.54%), con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y 18 años (   X - =14.33; DT=1.41). Todos los participantes respondieron al Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI), de Garner y Olmsted, un cuestionario destinado a evaluar conductas y pensamientos propios de los TCAs. Todos completaron también un cuestionario acerca de sus hábitos de actividad física. Además, una parte de esta muestra, concretamente 347 sujetos (172 hombres y 175 mujeres), contestó el Cuestionario de Autoconcepto Físico (CAF), de Goñi, Ruiz de Azúa y Rodríguez. Se llevaron a cabo diferentes análisis estadísticos mediante el programa SPSS 11.5 para Windows: análisis de la varianza factorial, ANOVA de un factor, contraste de medias, análisis de gráficos de perfil para interacciones, así como comparaciones múltiples de Bonferroni. Los resultados obtenidos permiten afirmar que el riesgo de padecer trastornos alimentarios, tal como lo indican unas puntuaciones significativamente superiores en el EDI, es mayor en las mujeres que en los hombres, en el grupo de edad de 15-18 años que en el de 12-14 años, en personas con autoconcepto físico bajo y en quienes realizan actividad físico-deportiva de forma esporádica en comparación con quienes la practican de forma habitual. La insatisfacción corporal y las conductas bulímicas se incrementan, en efecto, en el segundo tramo de la adolescencia con independencia de que la práctica deportiva se realice de forma esporádica o habitual. La insatisfacción corporal, igualmente, aparece asociada con puntuaciones bajas en el autoconcepto físico (tanto en la dimensión de condición física como en la de atractivo físico), pero tal asociación no es significativa en el grupo de 12 a 14 años. Las chicas de entre 15 y 18 años muestran un riesgo significativamente mayor que los chicos. Asimismo, las diferencias de género en trastornos alimentarios, que no son significativas en el grupo de 12-14 años, vuelven a ser claras en éste. Estos datos reclaman prestar atención al grupo de edad de entre 15 y 18 años como etapa particularmente crítica, al menos con respecto a la primera adolescencia (12-14 años). Por otro lado, se confirma que los trastornos de alimentación conforman una patología propia de mujeres. La percepción del atractivo físico propio tiene, por ejemplo, un comportamiento diferente de un género a otro: no se correlaciona con los trastornos en el caso de los varones pero sí en el de las mujeres. De todos modos, estas consabidas diferencias de género no son las mismas, como ya se ha dicho, en distintos grupos de edad ni tampoco cuando tanto los chicos como las chicas realizan actividad física de forma habitual. En este último supuesto persisten las diferencias entre ambos pero se reducen. La edad y el autoconcepto se convierten, en consecuencia, en variables moduladoras del riesgo de padecer trastornos alimentarios, así como la actividad física. De los resultados del estudio se desprende que la actividad física moderada se correlaciona con menor incidencia de patología alimentaria, por lo que se convierte en altamente recomendable. No obstante, entre los asuntos que precisan más investigación figura el de la relación entre distintas modalidades e intensidades de actividad física y el bienestar psicológico, más allá de la clasificación dicotómica en adolescentes poco activos versus adolescentes activos utilizada en este estudio. El riesgo, evaluado mediante el EDI, de padecer trastornos alimentarios se ha mostrado fuertemente asociado con el autocon-cepto físico medido con el CAF, lo que invita a incluir este último constructo no sólo en los diseños de investigación sobre la autoper-cepción del yo físico sino también en los programas de orientación, por dos razones básicas. De un lado, la utilización de cuestionarios como el CAF que miden autoconcepto físico puede convertirse en una forma rápida y económica de detectar precozmente sujetos con riesgo de padecer trastornos alimentarios entre población adolescente no clínica. De otro, una forma viable de educar con respecto a los TCAs consiste en fomentar el desarrollo del autoconcepto físico por medio de programas de intervención adecuados.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mental health]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[eating disorders]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[physical activity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[physical self-concept]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[adolescence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Salud mental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[trastornos alimentarios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[actividad física]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[autoconcepto físico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[adolescencia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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