<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-3309</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de fitopatología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fitopatol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-3309</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Fitopatología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-33092025000300001</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18781/r.mex.fit.2412-00</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Histopatología de Peronospora tabacina en hojas de tabaco]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Histopathology of Peronospora tabacina in tobacco]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos-Barraza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yadira Margarita]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Lachica]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tovar-Pedraza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdez-Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Benigno]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Estrada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raymundo Saúl]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Culiacán Sinaloa]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-33092025000300001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-33092025000300001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-33092025000300001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Antecedentes/Objetivo. Peronospora tabacina es un oomiceto causante de moho azul en tabaco. Actualmente se conoce poco sobre el proceso de patogénesis de este patógeno, ya que los estudios disponibles se han centrado en aspectos generales de la infección, siendo escasos los análisis histológicos detallados; por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue describir los cambios histológicos que se presentan durante la infección de P. tabacina en plantas de tabaco inoculadas artificialmente.  Materiales y Métodos. El proceso de infección fue analizado mediante tinción diferencial de tejidos con safranina-verde rápido en plantas inoculadas bajo condiciones de invernadero. Los cortes de tejido se realizaron a las 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, 60, 72, 96, 120, 148, 172, 196 y 220 horas después de la inoculación (hdi).  Resultados. La presencia de esporangiosporas adheridas a la cutícula de la hoja se observó entre 2 y 48 hdi, las cuales germinaron a partir de las 96 hdi. La penetración del patógeno en las hojas ocurrió de manera directa por medio de apresorios 96 hdi. Las primeras hifas de infección emergieron a partir de 96-120 hdi y entre 168 y 192 hdi se desarrollaron hifas intracelulares que colonizaron el interior de los tejidos, provocando colapso celular en parénquima lagunar y clorofílico, así como alteraciones estructurales en haces vasculares y células epidérmicas. El patógeno completó su ciclo de infección al producir oosporas y esporangios a las 192 hdi, considerándose una fuente de inóculo para la infección de nuevos tejidos.  Conclusión. Peronospora tabacina es capaz de penetrar directamente el tejido foliar del tabaco mediante apresorios y desarrollar una infección progresiva tanto intercelular como intracelular, con alteraciones severas en la anatomía foliar y finalización del ciclo con producción de estructuras reproductivas en un periodo corto, lo que refuerza su potencial como patógeno agresivo en condiciones favorables.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT   Background/Objective . Peronospora tabacina is an oomycete that causes blue mold in tobacco. Little is currently known about the pathogenicity of this pathogen, as available studies have focused on general aspects of the infection, and detailed histological analyses are scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe the histological changes that occur during P. tabacina infection in artificially inoculated tobacco plants.   Materials and Methods . The infection process was analyzed by differential tissue staining with safranin-fast green in inoculated plants under greenhouse conditions. Tissue sections were made at 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, 60, 72, 96, 120, 148, 172, 196, and 220 hours after inoculation (hai).   Results. The presence of sporangiospores attached to the leaf cuticle was observed between 2 and 48 hai, which germinated from 96 hai. The pathogen penetrated the leaves directly through appressoria at 96 hai. The first infectious hyphae emerged from 96-120 hai, and between 168 and 192 hai, intracellular hyphae developed and colonized the interior of the tissues, causing cell collapse in the lacunar and chlorophyll parenchyma, as well as structural alterations in vascular bundles and epidermal cells. The pathogen completed its infection cycle by producing oospores and sporangia at 192 hai and is considered a source of inoculum for the infection of new tissues.   Conclusion. Peronospora tabacina is capable of directly penetrating tobacco leaf tissue through appressoria and developing a progressive infection both intercellularly and intracellularly, with severe alterations in leaf anatomy and completion of the cycle with the production of reproductive structures in a short period, reinforcing its potential as an aggressive pathogen under favorable conditions.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[intracelular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Patógeno intercelular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Oosporas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Patogénesis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Oomiceto]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Biótrofo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Intracellular pathogen]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Intercellular pathogen]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Oospores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pathogenesis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Oomycete]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Biotroph]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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