<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-3309</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de fitopatología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fitopatol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-3309</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Fitopatología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-33092017000300437</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18781/r.mex.fit.1704-3</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Incidencia y agentes causales de enfermedades de raíz y sus antagonistas en manzanos de Chihuahua, México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Incidence and causal agents of root diseases and its antagonists in apple orchards of Chihuahua, México]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz-Cisneros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Fernanda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rios-Velasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berlanga-Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David Ignacio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ornelas-Paz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José de Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acosta-Muñiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Horacio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romo-Chacón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zamudio-Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul Baruk]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Corral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel Alfonso]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salas-Marina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel Ángel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibarra-Rendón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge Eugenio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández-Pavía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sylvia Patricia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C.  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cuauhtémoc Chihuahua]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas Facultad de Ingenierías ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Villacorzo Chiapas]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Irapuato Guanajuato]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Michoacán]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>437</fpage>
<lpage>462</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-33092017000300437&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-33092017000300437&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-33092017000300437&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Se estimó la incidencia de enfermedades de raíz en manzanos de Chihuahua, México, y se identificaron trescientos aislados (hongos y Oomicetos) tomados del tejido de raíz y suelo de la rizosfera de árboles con síntomas de infección y libres de síntomas de enfermedad. Paralelamente, se aislaron e identificaron hongos putativamente antagonistas. Se determinó la patogenicidad de quince aislados seleccionados (ocho hongos y siete Oomicetos) sobre doce portainjertos de manzano bajo condiciones de invernadero. Adicionalmente, se evaluó la actividad antagónica in vitro de especies de Trichoderma y Bacillus contra siete de los Oomicetos seleccionados. La incidencia de daños infecciosos en raíz en 20 huertos analizados fue del 17% (1-40%). Fusarium fue el hongo más ampliamente distribuido (67.8%). La distribución del resto de los organismos fue variable. Se identificaron cuatro especies de Trichoderma, siendo T. gamsii la más ampliamente distribuida (72.5%). Bacillus spp., redujo sustancialmente el crecimiento radial (&gt;90%, p=0.05) de Phytophthora cactorum. Once portainjertos fueron susceptibles al menos a Pythium ultimum y Phytophthora cactorum C3. Los portainjertos G.935, Standard y M.25 fueron los más resistentes con 0% de incidencia. Las especies antagonistas de ambos géneros inhibieron in vitro significativamente el crecimiento de P. cactorum (86.4-93.8%, p= 0.05), respecto a especies de Pythium, por lo que podrían ser utilizados como agentes de control biológico.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The incidence of root diseases was estimated in apple orchards from Chihuahua, Mexico. Three hundred isolates (fungi and Oomycetes) were identified in samples of root tissue and soil of trees with infectious damage symptoms and disease symptom-free trees. At the same time, putatively antagonistic agents were isolated and subsequently identified. The pathogenicity of fifteen selected isolates (eight fungi and seven Oomycetes), was tested in twelve apple rootstocks under greenhouse conditions. In addition, the in vitro antagonistic activity of Trichoderma and Bacillus species was evaluated against seven of the selected Oomycetes. The incidence of infection damage of roots in 20 tested orchards was 17% (1-40%). Fusarium was the most widely distributed fungi (67.8%). The distribution of the other organisms was variable. Four species of Trichoderma were identified, with T. gamsii being the most widely distributed (72.5%). Bacillus spp. substantially reduced the radial growth (&gt;90%, p=0.05) of Phytophthora cactorum. Eleven rootstocks were susceptible to Pythium ultimum y Phytophthora cactorum C3. The G.935, Standard and M.25 rootstocks were the most resistant with 0% incidence. The antagonistic species of both genera inhibited the in vitro growth of P. cactorum (86.4-93.8%, p= 0.05), respect to Pythium species, and therefore, they might be used as biological control agents.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bacillus spp.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Fusarium spp.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Phytophthora cactorum]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Trichoderma spp.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[región ITS]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[identificación molecular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bacillus spp.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Fusarium spp.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Phytophthora cactorum]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Trichoderma spp.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ITS region]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[molecular identification]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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