<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-2523</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Estudios de historia novohispana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Estud. hist. novohisp]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-2523</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-25232024000100069</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/iih.24486922e.2024.70.77778</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Effects of Resettlement and the Development of the Urban Plan on Mission Demographic Patterns]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Los efectos del reasentamiento y el desarrollo del plan urbano en los patrones demográficos misionales]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jackson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Investigador independiente  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>70</numero>
<fpage>69</fpage>
<lpage>120</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-25232024000100069&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-25232024000100069&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-25232024000100069&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract One of the elements of the mission programs on the frontiers of Spanish America was the creation of communities that conformed to norms established for urban planning by royal law, or, in other words, to the grid plan. Missionaries congregated thousands of indigenous peoples on the mission communities, and had them live in spatially compact living areas. Living in proximity to others helped spread highly contagious crowd diseases such as smallpox, and created hygiene problems. This article examines the urban plan and housing arrangements for indigenous peoples brought to live on the missions among the Guaraní and the California. It posits that the spatial organization of the mission communities and forms of housing were important factors in determining demographic patterns among the mission residents. It analyzes historic diagrams of the urban plan of selected mission communities in conjunction with a discussion of fertility and mortality patterns calculated from censuses and registers of baptisms and burials. The article confirms the hypothesis of the strong relationship between the urban plan, and demographic patterns. At the same time, it highlights differences between the two case studies presented. The Jesuits brought thousands of Guaraní to live on the mission communities created from whole cloth, and the large population densities facilitated the spread of contagion. Periodic epidemics killed thousands, but the populations recovered. On the California missions, chronic ailments such as syphilis and parasites from improper sanitation associated with living conditions were the major causes of mortality. The California mission populations did not recover.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Uno de los elementos de los programas misioneros en las fronteras de Hispanoamérica fue la creación de comunidades que se ajustaran a las normas establecidas para la planificación urbana por ley real, es decir, en el plano cuadriculado. Los misioneros congregaron a miles de indígenas en las comunidades de la misión y los hicieron vivir en áreas de vivienda espacialmente compactas. Vivir cerca de otros favoreció la propagación de enfermedades altamente contagiosas, como la viruela, y generó problemas de higiene. Este artículo examina el plan urbano y los arreglos de vivienda para los pueblos indígenas traídos a vivir en las misiones entre los guaraníes y los californianos. Postula que la organización espacial de las comunidades misioneras y las formas de vivienda fueron factores importantes en la determinación de los patrones demográficos entre los residentes de la misión. Analiza diagramas históricos del plan urbano de comunidades misioneras seleccionadas junto con una discusión de patrones de fertilidad y mortalidad calculados a partir de censos y registros de bautismos y entierros. Confirma la hipótesis de la fuerte relación entre el plan urbano y los patrones demográficos. Al mismo tiempo, destaca las diferencias entre sus dos estudios de caso: las misiones guaraníes donde las epidemias periódicas mataron a miles, pero las poblaciones se recuperaron; y las misiones californianas, donde las principales causas de mortalidad fueron las dolencias crónicas como la sífilis y los parásitos debidos a un saneamiento inadecuado asociado con las condiciones de vida, y cuyas poblaciones no se recuperaron.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Guaraní missions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[California missions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Treaty of Madrid (1750)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Treaty of San Ildefonso (1777)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Spanish-Portuguese Boundary Commission]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[demographic patterns]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[epidemics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[misiones guaraníes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[misiones de California]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Tratado de Madrid (1750)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Tratado de San Ildefonso (1777)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Comisión de Límites Hispano-Portuguesa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[patrones demográficos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[epidemias]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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