<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-1667</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigación económica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Inv. Econ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-1667</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Economía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-16672017000100003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The nonlinear relation between biofuels and food prices]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz Aké]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Salvador]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Venegas Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz Arango]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional Escuela Superior de Economía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional Escuela Superior de Economía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Panamericana Escuela de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>76</volume>
<numero>299</numero>
<fpage>3</fpage>
<lpage>50</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-16672017000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-16672017000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-16672017000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: This paper analyzes the relationship between the production of agricultural foods (cereals and vegetable oils) and the production of energy by using food. The observed increase in economic activities that use energy has had an impulse in the energy industry with higher prices. These prices make profitable the biofuel production, and this encourage the use of cereals for biofuel production, affecting the whole food chain. This research demonstrates that the agricultural foods and energy production system has been in place at least since 2000 and that it remains active or latent depending on the price of energetics. The paper also shows that the temperature variations do not lead the system to an adjustment. To do, this research uses the econometric technique of Dynamic Conditional Correlation, and a new tool, phase synchronization. The use of the latter avoid making assumptions on the distribution or stability of the involved variables.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Este trabajo analiza la relación entre la producción de alimentos y la producción de energía mediante el uso de alimentos. El aumento observado en las actividades económicas que utilizan energía ha tenido un impulso en la industria energética con precios más altos. Estos precios hacen rentable la producción de biocombustibles, lo que promueve el uso de cereales aceitosos para la producción de biocombustibles, afectando a toda la cadena alimentaria. Esta investigación demuestra que el sistema de alimentos y energía ha estado en vigor al menos desde el 2000 y que permanece activo o latente dependiendo del precio de la energía. El documento también muestra que las variaciones de temperatura no llevan al sistema a un ajuste. Para ello, esta investigación utiliza la técnica econométrica de correlación condicional dinámica y una nueva herramienta, la sincronización de fase. El uso de esta última evita hacer suposiciones sobre la distribución o la estabilidad de las variables involucradas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Dynamic Conditional Correlation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[phase synchronization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[energy prices]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[agricultural foods]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[correlación condicional dinámica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sincronización de fase]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[precios de energía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[alimentos agrícolas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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