<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-013X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Foro internacional]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Foro int]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-013X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-013X2025000300729</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24201/fi.3140</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La encrucijada de AMLO: entre la soberanía energética y la acción climática]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[AMLO&#8217;S dilemma: balancing energy sovereignty and climate action]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nain]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,El Colegio de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>729</fpage>
<lpage>792</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-013X2025000300729&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-013X2025000300729&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-013X2025000300729&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Este estudio examina cómo la política energética del presidente López Obrador -centrada en la &#8220;soberanía energética&#8221; mediante el fortalecimiento de la Comisión Federal de Electricidad (CFE)- colisionó con las metas nacionales de mitigación y la transición hacia energías renovables. Utilizando un análisis de economía política, el artículo rastrea las decisiones gubernamentales, la oposición de empresas y ONG, y las influencias de las administraciones Trump y Biden, así como del T-MEC. Esta reorientación marginó al sector renovable, desencadenando litigios y creando un vacío en política climática. La presión internacional, en especial el gobierno de Biden, junto con la oposición interna propiciaron ajustes después de 2021, aunque persistieron contradicciones fundamentales. Los hallazgos muestran un aumento en las emisiones de gases efecto invernadero (GEI), subrayando la urgencia de repensar la soberanía energética dentro de la crisis climática global. El caso mexicano demuestra que gobiernos de izquierda pueden adoptar estrategias divergentes para la transición, moldeadas por factores históricos, institucionales y geopolíticos. El estudio destaca la necesidad de políticas que integren las energías limpias como un componente clave de la seguridad energética, trascendiendo la falsa dicotomía entre control estatal de combustibles fósiles y enfoque de mercado para renovables.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: This study examines how President López Obrador&#8217;s (AMLO) energy policy-centered on &#8220;energy sovereignty&#8221; through strengthening the Federal Electricity Commission (CFE)-collided with Mexico&#8217;s national climate mitigation targets and the shift toward renewables. Using political economy analysis, the article traces government decisions, opposition from companies and NGOs, and external influences from both the Trump and Biden administrations and the USMCA. The government&#8217;s reorientation marginalized the renewable sector, triggering litigation and creating a climate policy vacuum. International pressure particularly from the Biden administration, along with domestic opposition prompted policy adjustments after 2021, though fundamental contradictions persisted. The findings reveal a rise in GHG emissions, underscoring the urgency of rethinking energy sovereignty within the global climate crisis. Thus, the Mexican case demonstrates that left-wing governments may adopt divergent strategies for the energy transition, shaped by historical, institutional, and geopolitical factors. The study concludes by highlighting the need for policies that integrate the expansion of clean energies as a key component of energy self-sufficiency and security, thereby transcending the false dichotomy between state control of fossil fuels and a free-market approach to renewables.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cambio climático]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[transición energética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[energías renovables]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[soberanía energética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[nacionalismo energético]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diplomacia climática]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[climate change]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[energy transition]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[renewable energy energy sovereignty]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[energy nationalism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[climate diplomacy]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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