<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2014000300011</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Dependence of the mechanical and electrical properties on the acid content in PVA+H3PO2+H2O membranes]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bedoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Valle Departamento de Física Grupo de Transiciones de Fase en Sistemas no Metálicos]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cali ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Purdue University School of Mechanical Engineering ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[West Lafayette IN]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Purdue University School of Nuclear Engineering ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[West Lafayette IN]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>249</fpage>
<lpage>252</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2014000300011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2014000300011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2014000300011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[In this paper we report elastic modulus and ionic conductivity measurements in proton-exchange membranes based on poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), as a function of the acid (H3PO2) concentration and temperature. Tensile stress-strain test (nominal stress) was performed at low rate deformation, with acid concentration between 0.0 to 3.0 given in P/OH ratios. Results show that the elastic modulus, the elastoplastic modulus and the yield stress decrease as acid concentration increases. Ionic conductivity was obtained using the impedance spectroscopy technique on samples with the same acid concentrations, which shows an improvement in ionic conductivity of PVA+H3PO2+H2O within the range 10-3 - 10-1 S cm-1 as the acid concentration increases. The results obtained by comparing mechanical and electric properties, show that they are both directly linked to the acid content and water activity, thus these properties can be engineered to meet the appropriate conditions for an efficient fuel cell operation.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[En este trabajo reportamos medidas del módulo elástico y conductividad iónica en membranas intercambiadoras de protones basadas en alcohol polivinílico (PVA) y ácido hipofosforoso (H3PO2). Estas medidas se realizaron como función de la concentración de ácido y la temperatura. Las pruebas de esfuerzo de fluencia se realizaron para las relaciones P/OH: 0.0 a 3.0 a una baja velocidad de deformación. Los resultados muestran que el módulo elástico, el módulo elastoplástico y la tensión de fluencia decrecen al aumentar la concentración de ácido. Las medidas de conductividad iónica, se obtuvieron por espectroscopía de impedancia, para muestras con las mismas relaciones P/OH, las cuales muestran que la conductividad mejora en un rango entre 10-3 - 10-1 S cm-1 con el incremento del ácido. Los resultados obtenidos al comparar las propiedades mecánicas y eléctricas muestran que ambas están directamente relacionados con el contenido de ácido y la actividad del agua, por lo tanto presentan propiedades adecuadas para operación en celdas de combustible.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Elastic modulus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[stress]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[impedance spectroscopy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dc conductivity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[polymer electrolyte]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Módulo elástico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[esfuerzo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[espectroscopía de impedancia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[conductividad dc]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[electrolito polimérico]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Research</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Dependence of the mechanical and electrical properties on the acid content in PVA+H<sub>3</sub></b><b>PO<sub>2</sub>+H<sub>2</sub>O membranes</b></font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>M. E. Fern&aacute;ndez<sup>a,</sup>*, J.E. Castillo<sup>a,b</sup>, F. Bedoya<sup>a,c</sup>, J. E. Diosa<sup>a</sup>, and R. A. Vargas<sup>a</sup></b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><sup>a</sup> <i>Grupo de Transiciones de Fase en Sistemas no Met&aacute;licos, Departamento de F&iacute;sica, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 100&#45;00, A.A. 25360, Cali, Colombia,</i> e&#45;mail: <a href="mailto:maria.fernandez.lopez@correounivalle.edu.co">maria.fernandez.lopez@correounivalle.edu.co</a></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><sup>b</sup><i> School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall West Lafayette, IN.47907&#45;2088.</i></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><sup>c</sup><i> School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, 400 Central Drive, West Lafayette, IN.47906.</i></font></p>  	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Received 17 May 2013    <br> 	accepted 25 March 2014</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">In this paper we report elastic modulus and ionic conductivity measurements in proton&#45;exchange membranes based on poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), as a function of the acid (H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>2</sub>) concentration and temperature. Tensile stress&#45;strain test (nominal stress) was performed at low rate deformation, with acid concentration between 0.0 to 3.0 given in P/OH ratios. Results show that the elastic modulus, the elastoplastic modulus and the yield stress decrease as acid concentration increases. Ionic conductivity was obtained using the impedance spectroscopy technique on samples with the same acid concentrations, which shows an improvement in ionic conductivity of PVA+H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>2</sub>+H<sub>2</sub>O within the range&nbsp;10<sup>&#45;3</sup> &#45; 10<sup>&#45;1</sup> S cm<sup>&#45;1</sup> as the acid concentration increases. The results obtained by comparing mechanical and electric properties, show that they are both directly linked to the acid content and water activity, thus these properties can be engineered to meet the appropriate conditions for an efficient fuel cell operation.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> Elastic modulus; stress; impedance spectroscopy; dc conductivity; polymer electrolyte.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">En este trabajo reportamos medidas del m&oacute;dulo el&aacute;stico y conductividad i&oacute;nica en membranas intercambiadoras de protones basadas en alcohol polivin&iacute;lico (PVA) y &aacute;cido hipofosforoso (H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>2</sub>). Estas medidas se realizaron como funci&oacute;n de la concentraci&oacute;n de &aacute;cido y la temperatura. Las pruebas de esfuerzo de fluencia se realizaron para las relaciones P/OH: 0.0 a 3.0 a una baja velocidad de deformaci&oacute;n. Los resultados muestran que el m&oacute;dulo el&aacute;stico, el m&oacute;dulo elastopl&aacute;stico y la tensi&oacute;n de fluencia decrecen al aumentar la concentraci&oacute;n de &aacute;cido. Las medidas de conductividad i&oacute;nica, se obtuvieron por espectroscop&iacute;a de impedancia, para muestras con las mismas relaciones P/OH, las cuales muestran que la conductividad mejora en un rango entre 10<sup>&#45;3</sup> &#45; 10<sup>&#45;1</sup> S cm<sup>&#45;1</sup> con el incremento del &aacute;cido. Los resultados obtenidos al comparar las propiedades mec&aacute;nicas y el&eacute;ctricas muestran que ambas est&aacute;n directamente relacionados con el contenido de &aacute;cido y la actividad del agua, por lo tanto presentan propiedades adecuadas para operaci&oacute;n en celdas de combustible.</font></p>  	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores:</b> M&oacute;dulo el&aacute;stico; esfuerzo; espectroscop&iacute;a de impedancia; conductividad dc; electrolito polim&eacute;rico.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 62.20.F; 62.40.+i; 82.47.Nj</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmf/v60n3/v60n3a11.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1.&nbsp;M.A. Vargas, R.A. Vargas, and B.E. Mellander, <i>Electrochim. Acta</i> <b>44</b> (1999) 4227.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8395654&pid=S0035-001X201400030001100001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">2.&nbsp;M.A. Vargas, R.A. Vargas, and B.E. Mellander, <i>Electrochim.</i> <i>Acta</i> <b>45</b> (2000) 1399.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8395656&pid=S0035-001X201400030001100002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">3.&nbsp;R.A. Vargas, V.H. Zapata, E. Matallana, and M.A. Vargas, <i>Electrochimica Acta</i> <b>46</b> (2001) 1699.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8395658&pid=S0035-001X201400030001100003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">4.&nbsp;P.N. Gupta and K.P. Singh, <i>Solid State Ionics</i> <b>86&#45;8</b> (1996) 319.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8395660&pid=S0035-001X201400030001100004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">5.&nbsp;M. L. Cerrada Garcia, Ph. D. thesis, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 1995. <a href="http://biblioteca.ucm.es/tesis/19911996/X/0/X0034101.pdf" target="_blank">http://biblioteca.ucm.es/tesis/19911996/X/0/X0034101.pdf</a></font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8395662&pid=S0035-001X201400030001100005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">6.&nbsp;Y. Tang, A. M. Karlson, M. H. Santare, M. Gilbert, S. Cleghorn, and W. B. Johnson, <i>Mater. Sci. Eng. A</i> <b>425</b> (2006) 297.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8395663&pid=S0035-001X201400030001100006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">7.&nbsp;M. Barclay Satterfield, P. W. Majsztrik, H. Ota, J. B. Benziger, and A. B. Bocarsly, <i>J. Poly. Sci. PartB.</i> <b>44</b> (2006) 2327.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8395665&pid=S0035-001X201400030001100007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    ]]></body>
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