<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2008000400010</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Design of a 1-V 90-nm CMOS adaptive LNA for multi-standard wireless receivers]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Becerra-Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandoval-Ibarra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de la Rosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Sevilla Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Sevilla ]]></addr-line>
<country>ESPAÑA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,CINVESTAV Unidad Guadalajara ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Zapopan Jalisco]]></addr-line>
<country>MEXICO</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>322</fpage>
<lpage>328</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2008000400010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2008000400010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2008000400010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[This paper presents the design of a reconfigurable Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA) for the next generation of wireless hand-held devices. The circuit, based on a lumped-approach design and implemented in a 90nm standard RF CMOS technology, consists of a two-stage topology that combines inductive-source degeneration with MOS-varactor based tuning networks and programmable bias currents, in order to adapt its performance to different standard specifications with reduced number of inductors and minimum power dissipation. As an application, the LNA is designed to cope with the requirements of GSM (PCS1900), WCDMA, Bluetooth and WLAN (IEEE 802.11b-g). Simulation results, including technology parasitics, demonstrate correct operation of the LNA for these standards, featuring NF<1.77dB, S21 >16dB, Su <-5.5dB, S22 <-5.5 dB and IIP3>-3.3 dBm over the 1.85-2.48 GHz band, with an adaptive power consumption between 25.3 mW and 53.3mW. The layout of the LNA occupies an area of 1.18 x 1.18 µm².]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[En este artículo se presenta el diseño de un LNA (del Inglés Low-Noise Amplifier) configurable para la próxima generación de dispositivos digitales personales. El circuito, diseñado con la aproximación de circuitos concentrados e implementado en una tecnología CMOS, 90nm, de RF, consta de una topología formada por dos etapas que combina degeneración inductiva de fuente, redes de entonado basada en varactores, y circuitos de polarización programables para adaptar el desempeño a las diferentes especificaciones del estándar con reducido número de inductores y mínima disipación de potencia. Como aplicación, el LNA que se diseña satisface los requerimientos de GSM (PCS 1900), WCDMA, Bluetooth y WLAN (IEEE 802.11b-g). Los resultados de simulación, incluyendo el efecto de los elementos parásitos, demuestran una correcta operación del para LNA los estándares mencionados, obteniendo NF<1.77 dB, S(2)116dB, S(1)1 <-5.5 dB, S(2)2 <-5.5 dB y IIP3>-3.3 dBm en la banda 1.85-2.48 GHz band, con un consumo de potencia entre 25.3mW y 53.3mW. El patrón geométrico del LNA ocupa un área de 1.18 x 1.18 µm².]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Integrated circuits]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[field effect integrated devices]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[amplifiers]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Circuitos integrados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[dispositivos integrados con efecto de campo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[amplificadores]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Instrumentaci&oacute;n</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Design of a 1&#150;V 90&#150;nm CMOS adaptive LNA for multi&#150;standard wireless receivers</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>E.C. Becerra&#150;&Aacute;lvarez&ordf;, F. Sandoval&#150;Ibarra<sup>b</sup>, and J.M. de la Rosa&ordf;</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>&ordf; Instituto de Microelectr&oacute;nica de Sevilla, IMSE&#150;CNM (CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla), Edif. CICA&#150;CNM, Av. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla, ESPA&Ntilde;A, </i>e&#150;mail: <a href="mailto:edwin%5Cjrosa@imse.cnm.es">edwin\jrosa@imse.cnm.es</a> </font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>b</sup> CINVESTAV&#150;Unidad Guadalajara, Av. Cient&iacute;fica 1145, 45015, Col. El Baj&iacute;o, Zapopan, Jalisco, MEXICO, </i>e&#150;mail: <a href="mailto:sandoval@cts-design.com">sandoval@cts&#150;design.com</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 6 de febrero de 2008    <br> Aceptado el 4 de julio de 2008</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">This paper presents the design of a reconfigurable Low&#150;Noise Amplifier (LNA) for the next generation of wireless hand&#150;held devices. The circuit, based on a lumped&#150;approach design and implemented in a 90nm standard RF CMOS technology, consists of a two&#150;stage topology that combines inductive&#150;source degeneration with MOS&#150;varactor based tuning networks and programmable bias currents, in order to adapt its performance to different standard specifications with reduced number of inductors and minimum power dissipation. As an application, the LNA is designed to cope with the requirements of GSM (PCS1900), WCDMA, Bluetooth and WLAN (IEEE 802.11b&#150;g). Simulation results, including technology parasitics, demonstrate correct operation of the LNA for these standards, featuring NF&lt;1.77dB, S<sub>21</sub> &gt;16dB, Su &lt;&#150;5.5dB, S<sub>22</sub> &lt;&#150;5.5 dB and IIP3&gt;&#150;3.3 dBm over the 1.85&#150;2.48 GHz band, with an adaptive power consumption between 25.3 mW and 53.3mW. The layout of the LNA occupies an area of 1.18 x 1.18 <i>&micro;</i>m<sup>2</sup><i>.</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords: </b>Integrated circuits; field effect integrated devices; amplifiers.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">En este art&iacute;culo se presenta el dise&ntilde;o de un LNA (del Ingl&eacute;s <i>Low&#150;Noise Amplifier) </i>configurable para la pr&oacute;xima generaci&oacute;n de dispositivos digitales personales. El circuito, dise&ntilde;ado con la aproximaci&oacute;n de circuitos concentrados e implementado en una tecnolog&iacute;a CMOS, 90nm, de RF, consta de una topolog&iacute;a formada por dos etapas que combina degeneraci&oacute;n inductiva de fuente, redes de entonado basada en varactores, y circuitos de polarizaci&oacute;n programables para adaptar el desempe&ntilde;o a las diferentes especificaciones del est&aacute;ndar con reducido n&uacute;mero de inductores y m&iacute;nima disipaci&oacute;n de potencia. Como aplicaci&oacute;n, el LNA que se dise&ntilde;a satisface los requerimientos de GSM (PCS 1900), WCDMA, Bluetooth y WLAN (IEEE 802.11b&#150;g). Los resultados de simulaci&oacute;n, incluyendo el efecto de los elementos par&aacute;sitos, demuestran una correcta operaci&oacute;n del para LNA los est&aacute;ndares mencionados, obteniendo NF&lt;1.77 dB, S<sub>2</sub>116dB, S<sub>1</sub>1 &lt;&#150;5.5 dB, S<sub>2</sub>2 &lt;&#150;5.5 dB y IIP3&gt;&#150;3.3 dBm en la banda 1.85&#150;2.48 GHz band, con un consumo de potencia entre 25.3mW y 53.3mW. El patr&oacute;n geom&eacute;trico del LNA ocupa un &aacute;rea de 1.18 x 1.18 <i>&micro;</i>m<sup>2</sup>.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores: </b>Circuitos integrados; dispositivos integrados con efecto de campo; amplificadores. </font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 85.40.&#150;e; 85.30.Tv; 84.30.Le</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmf/v54n4/v54n4a10.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Acknowledgements</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education (with support from the European Regional Development Fund) under contract TEC2004&#150;01752/MIC, the  Spanish Ministry of Industry, Tounsmand Commerce (FIT&#150;330100&#150;2006&#150;134 SPIRIT) and the CSIC_(Spain)&#150;CONACyT_(M&eacute;xico) cooperation project (2005MX0006&#150;J110.481/2006). One of the authors (ECBA) wishes to thank CONACyT_(M&eacute;xico) for its financial support.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. V. Gazis <i>et al. IEEE Wireless Comm. </i>(2005) 20.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8345802&pid=S0035-001X200800040001000001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">2. X. Li and M. 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