<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2004000400012</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Coarse graining in genetic dynamics: A renormalization group analysis of a simple genetic system]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stephens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chryssomalakos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zamora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adolfo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México Distrito Federal]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>388</fpage>
<lpage>396</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2004000400012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2004000400012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2004000400012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[We show how the idea of coarse graining can be applied fruitfully to the area of genetic dynamics, both in the context of "effective" theories -leading to more appropriate effective degrees of freedom with which to describe the dynamics - as well as in terms of integrating out degrees of freedom, using the Renormalization Group as a systematic calculational scheme. Specializing to dynamics in the presence of selection and mutation we show how the Renormalization Group can be implemented at the level of a transfer matrix-type description. Further, we present an explicit exact RG transformation for the simple case of a one gene-two allele system, solving for its fixed points and the asymptotic behaviour of the system in the vicinity of these fixed points.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Se muestra como la idea de "coarse graining" puede ser aplicado exitosamente al area de la dinámica genética, tanto en el contexto de teorías "efectivas" - llevando a grados de libertad mas adecuados con que describir la dinámica - como en términos de la integración de grados de libertad, usando el grupo de renormalización como un esquema sistemático computacional. Particularizando la dinámica en la presencia de mutación y selección mostrando como el grupo de renormalización puede ser implementado al nivel de una descripción de tipo matriz de transferencia. Adicionalmente, se presenta una transformación del grupo de renormalización exacta y explícita para el caso de un sistema de un gen y dos alelos, solucionandola para obtener los puntos fijos correspondientes y el comportamiento asintótico del sistema cerca a estos puntos fijos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Renormalization Group]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Genetic Dynamics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Coarse graining]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Selection]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mutation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Evolution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Grupo de renormalización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[dinámica genética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[selección]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mutación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[evolución]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Investigaci&oacute;n</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Coarse graining in genetic dynamics: A renormalization group analysis of a</b> <b>simple genetic system</b></font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>C.R. Stephens*, C. Chryssomalakos**, and Adolfo Zamora***</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, U.N.A.M, Circuito Exterior, Apartado Postal 70&#45;543, M&eacute;xico D.F. 04510, M&eacute;xico. *</i> <a href="mailto:stephens@nuclecu.unam.mx">stephens@nuclecu.unam.mx</a>, ** <a href="mailto:chryss@nuclecu.unam.mx">chryss@nuclecu.unam.mx</a>, ***<a href="mailto:zamora@nuclecu.unam.mx">zamora@nuclecu.unam.mx</a></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 19 de septiembre de 2003;    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br> 	Aceptado el 15 de abril de 2004.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">We show how the idea of coarse graining can be applied fruitfully to the area of genetic dynamics, both in the context of "effective" theories &#45;leading to more appropriate effective degrees of freedom with which to describe the dynamics &#45; as well as in terms of integrating out degrees of freedom, using the Renormalization Group as a systematic calculational scheme. Specializing to dynamics in the presence of selection and mutation we show how the Renormalization Group can be implemented at the level of a transfer matrix&#45;type description. Further, we present an explicit exact RG transformation for the simple case of a one gene&#45;two allele system, solving for its fixed points and the asymptotic behaviour of the system in the vicinity of these fixed points. </font></p> 	         <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> Renormalization Group, Genetic Dynamics, Coarse graining, Selection, Mutation, Evolution.</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Se muestra como la idea de "coarse graining" puede ser aplicado exitosamente al area de la din&aacute;mica gen&eacute;tica, tanto en el contexto de teor&iacute;as "efectivas" &#45; llevando a grados de libertad mas adecuados con que describir la din&aacute;mica &#45; como en t&eacute;rminos de la integraci&oacute;n de grados de libertad, usando el grupo de renormalizaci&oacute;n como un esquema sistem&aacute;tico computacional. Particularizando la din&aacute;mica en la presencia de mutaci&oacute;n y selecci&oacute;n mostrando como el grupo de renormalizaci&oacute;n puede ser implementado al nivel de una descripci&oacute;n de tipo matriz de transferencia. Adicionalmente, se presenta una transformaci&oacute;n del grupo de renormalizaci&oacute;n exacta y expl&iacute;cita para el caso de un sistema de un gen y dos alelos, solucionandola para obtener los puntos fijos correspondientes y el comportamiento asint&oacute;tico del sistema cerca a estos puntos fijos.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores:</b> Grupo de renormalizaci&oacute;n, din&aacute;mica gen&eacute;tica, selecci&oacute;n, mutaci&oacute;n, evoluci&oacute;n.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 05.10.Cc, 87.10.+e, 87.23.Kg, 89.75.&#45;k</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmf/v50n4/v50n4a12.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Acknowledgements</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">The work of CRS was supported by Conacyt grants 30422&#45;E and 41221&#45;F. CRS is grateful to Riccardo Poli, Alden Wright and Michael Vose for useful conversations. AZ is grateful for the hospitality of the Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, UNAM.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1.&nbsp;C.R. Stephens, <i>Acta. Phys. Slov.</i> <b>52</b> (2002) 515.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8302887&pid=S0035-001X200400040001200001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">2.&nbsp;B. Drossel, <i>Advances in Physics,</i> to be published; preprint cond&#45;mat(2001)/0101409.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8302889&pid=S0035-001X200400040001200002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">3.&nbsp;R. B&uuml;rger, <i>The Mathematical Theory of Selection, Recombination and Mutation,</i> Wiley Series in Mathematical and Computational Biology (2000).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8302891&pid=S0035-001X200400040001200003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">4.&nbsp;D.R. Nelson and M.E. Fisher, <i>Annals of Physics</i> <b>91</b> (1975) 226.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8302893&pid=S0035-001X200400040001200004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">5.&nbsp;M. Eigen, <i>Die Naturwissenschaften</i> <b>10</b> (1971) 465.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8302895&pid=S0035-001X200400040001200005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">6.&nbsp;C.R. Stephens and J. Mora, <i>Genetic Programming and Evolvable Hardware</i> <b>2</b> (2001) 7.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8302897&pid=S0035-001X200400040001200006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">7.&nbsp;P.F. Stadler and C.R. Stephens, <i>Comments on Theoretical Biology</i> <b>8</b> (2003) 1.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8302899&pid=S0035-001X200400040001200007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">8.&nbsp;C.R. Stephens and H. Waelbroeck, <i>Effective Degrees of Freedom in Genetic Algorithms and the Block Hypothesis, Proceedings of the ICGA7,</i> (ed. T. Back, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo 1997) p. 34.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8302901&pid=S0035-001X200400040001200008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">9. C.R. Stephens and H. Waelbroeck, <i>Physical Review</i> <b>D57</b> (1998) 3251.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8302903&pid=S0035-001X200400040001200009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">10.&nbsp;C.R. Stephens, "Some Exact Results from a Coarse Grained Formulation of Genetic Dynamics". In L. Spector <i>et al (Proceedings of GECCO 2001</i> Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, 2001) p. 631.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8302905&pid=S0035-001X200400040001200010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">11.&nbsp;M.D. Vose, <i>The Simple Genetic Algorithm: Foundations and</i> <i>Theory,</i> (MIT Press, Cambridge MA, 1999).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8302907&pid=S0035-001X200400040001200011&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">12.&nbsp;A. Aguilar, J. Rowe, and C.R. Stephens, "Coarse Graining in Genetic Algorithms: Some Issues and Examples", In. E. Cant&uacute; Paz <i>et al</i> eds. <i>Proceedings of GECCO 2001,</i> (Springer&#45;Verlag, Berlin, 2003).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8302909&pid=S0035-001X200400040001200012&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">13.&nbsp;I. Leuth&auml;usser, <i>J. Phys. Chem.</i> <b>84,</b> (1986) 1884.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8302911&pid=S0035-001X200400040001200013&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">14.&nbsp;M. Kimura, <i>The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution,</i> (Cambridge University Press, 1983).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8302913&pid=S0035-001X200400040001200014&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      ]]></body><back>
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