<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-8376</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de investigación clínica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. invest. clín.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-8376</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-83762020000200088</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/ric.19003185</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Deciding on the Optimal Strategy]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres-Olombrada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María V. de]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juez-Martel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ignacio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Caravaca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gil]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duran-Poveda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Department of Health Sciences International Doctorate School]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Fuenlabrada University Hospital Department of Radiation Oncology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Fuenlabrada University Hospital Department of Medical Oncology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Alcorcón Foundation University Hospital Department of Preventive Medicine Unit ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Rey Juan Carlos University Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health School of Health Sciences]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Rey Juan Carlos University Hospital Department of General and Digestive Tract Surgery ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Rey Juan Carlos University Department of Medicine and Surgery School of Health Sciences]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>72</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>88</fpage>
<lpage>94</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-83762020000200088&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-83762020000200088&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-83762020000200088&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Background: Neoadjuvant therapy, followed by surgery, reduces the risk of local relapse in rectal cancer, but approximately 30% will relapse with distant metastases, highlighting the importance of adjuvant chemotherapy (aCT).  Objective: The objective of the study was to study two regimens of adjuvant treatment in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer and analyze their efficacy and toxicity.  Methods: Between January 2009 and December 2016, 193 patients with Stage II-III rectal cancer who had received neoadjuvant therapy were included by consecutive non-probability sampling. The decision to administer aCT, as well as the specific regimen, was at the discretion of the medical oncologist. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated.  Results: The mean DFS was 84.85 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 79-90) months in 164 patients receiving aCT, compared to 57.71 (95% CI: 40-74) months in 29 who did not receive aCT (p &lt; 0.001). Then, mean OS was 92.7 (95% CI: 88-97) months and 66.18 (95% CI 51-81) months, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). DFS was 83.6 (95% CI: 76-91) months in 74 patients receiving adjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and 82.9 (95% CI: 75-90) months in 90 receiving 5-FU plus oxaliplatin (p = 0.49). OS was 87 (95% CI: 80-94) versus 93.65 (95% CI: 88-99) months, respectively (p = 0.76). The multivariate analysis identified aCT hazard ratio (HR) 0.30 (95% CI: 0.1-0.46), perineural invasion HR 3.36 (95% CI: 1.7-6.5), and pathological complete response HR 0.10 (95% CI; 0.01-0.75) as independent markers of DFS.  Conclusions: In our study, aCT was associated with longer DFS and OS. 5-FU plus oxaliplatin showed greater toxicity with no added benefit in DFS or OS.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Rectal cancer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Neoadjuvant therapy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Adjuvant chemotherapy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Oxaliplatin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[5-fluorouracil]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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