<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0026-1742</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de la Facultad de Medicina (México)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Fac. Med. (Méx.)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0026-1742</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0026-17422016000500006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Trastorno por déficit de atención en la edad adulta y en universitarios]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Attention deficit disorder in adulthood and college students]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Silvia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaimes Medrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aurora L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Medicina Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<fpage>6</fpage>
<lpage>14</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0026-17422016000500006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0026-17422016000500006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0026-17422016000500006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) ha sido identificado desde el siglo XIX y a lo largo del tiempo ha cambiado su nomenclatura. Actualmente se considera como un trastorno del neurodesarrollo cuya edad de inicio es antes de los 12 años, con la persistencia de los síntomas de desatención, hiperactividad e impulsividad durante seis meses y que no correspondan al nivel de desarrollo de las personas, que causan un deterioro clínicamente significativo en diferentes áreas de la vida (académica, familiar, social y en el caso de los adultos en la laboral), e impacta el funcionamiento psicosocial. La etiología y patogénesis muestran una disfunción frontosubcortical y alteraciones en los sistemas dopaminérgico y noradrenérgico, principalmente. Los procesos cognoscitivos del TDAH están relacionados con la disfunción de estas estructuras y los procesos que integran la función ejecutiva. La prevalencia en adultos es de 4.4%, y ésta debe considerarse como un signo de alerta para el diagnóstico y tratamiento en esta población. En el caso de los universitarios y adultos con TDAH las dificultades que presentan no sólo se centran en los síntomas cardinales del trastorno sino en otros déficits asociados a la función ejecutiva como planeación, organización, déficit en el control inhibitorio, pobre manejo del tiempo y postergación de las actividades que pueden afectar las áreas académicas, laborales, relaciones sociales, familiares y actividades cotidianas, lo que disminuye la calidad de vida de las personas. El incremento de accidentes, conductas delictivas, dificultades para el manejo de las finanzas personales y de relaciones interpersonales impactan el funcionamiento psicosocial de los jóvenes. Se ha considerado importante identificar y diagnosticar no solo al TDAH, sino también la comorbilidad de trastornos de ansiedad, episodio depresivo mayor, y uso y abuso de alcohol y sustancias. El tratamiento indicado para este trastorno es multimodal, es decir, psicofarmacológico con la utilización de estimulantes y no estimulantes e intervenciones psicosociales. Por todo lo anterior, se recomienda que el estudiante cuente con la guía de un tutor o consejero, para aplicar estrategias para el aprendizaje y desarrollar habilidades que les faciliten alcanzar sus metas, y de esta forma concluir satisfactoriamente sus estudios e ingresar a la actividad laboral.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder has been identified since the nineteenth century and over time has changed its nomenclature. Now it is considered as a neurodevelopmental disorder with a beginning age under 12, that involves the persistence of inattention symptoms, hyperactivity and impulsivity for at least six months, that do not correspond to their level of development and lead to clinically significant deterioration of certain areas in their everyday life (academic, family, social and in the case of adults in the workplace), which impact psychosocial functioning. The etiology and pathogenesis show, mainly, a fronto-subcortical dysfunction and alterations in the dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems. Cognitive processes of ADHD are related to the dysfunction of these structures and the processes that integrate the executive function. The estimated prevalence of 4.4% should be considered a warning sign for the diagnosis and treatment of this population. In the case of college students and adults with ADHD that have difficulties it is important to not only focus on the cardinal symptoms of the disorder but in other deficits associated with executive functions such as planning, organization, deficit in inhibitory control, poor time management and procrastination activities that can affect the academic and industrial areas, social relationships, family and everyday activities which decreases their life quality. The increase of accidents, criminal behavior, difficulty in managing personal finances and relationships affect their psychosocial functioning. It is important not only identify and diagnose ADHD, but also comorbidity with anxiety disorders, major depressive episodes and the use of alcohol and substance abuse. The type of treatment for this disorder is multimodal, since it invoves a psychopharmacological treatment that involve the use of stimulants, non-stimulants and psychosocial interventions. Because of these reasons, a guidance, councilor or tutor for the student is strongly recommended to implement learning strategies and help develop skills that will facilitate them to achieve their goals, and thus successfully complete their studies and eventually start working.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Adultos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[TDAH]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[universitarios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[disfunción psicosocial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[TDAH]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[adults]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[diagnostic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[comorbidity]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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