<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2663-3981</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista cartográfica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. cartogr.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2663-3981</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2663-39812023000200095</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35424/rcarto.i1070.4669</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[New steps against scientific gerrymandering: A new operational definition of geographic information science]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Nuevos pasos contra el gerrymandering científico: una nueva definición operacional de la ciencia de la información geográfica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzalez-Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Ester]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernabé-Poveda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel Ángel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad ORT Facultad de Ingeniería Laboratorio LatinGEO IGM+ORT]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Uruguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Concepción Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Geografía Departamento de Geografía]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Catamarca Facultad de Tecnología y Ciencias Aplicadas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>107</numero>
<fpage>95</fpage>
<lpage>111</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2663-39812023000200095&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2663-39812023000200095&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2663-39812023000200095&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Sometimes there are clear and natural limits to the scope of action of a science, and in other cases they are simply convenient ones. Geographic Information Science (GISc) is a transversal science, with contacts with all geosciences but also with various formal sciences such as Mathematics, Logic and Computer Science. A first approach to specifying the limits of a science is through its definition. Definitions of GISc are often so expansive that they have been rightly criticized for practicing gerrymandering, in particular with the rest of the geosciences. To avoid this, an operational definition is proposed that places GISc among the sciences that handle Data and not Information. This solves the gerrymandering problem without really implying a significant cut of what is usually considered within GISc. As an unforeseen consequence, this delimitation will allow it to be characterized as Formal Science, leaving it as the only geoscience with this characteristic.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: A veces existen límites claros y naturales del campo de acción de una ciencia, y en otros casos son simples límites de conveniencia. La Ciencia de la Información Geográfica (CIG) es una ciencia transversal, que tiene contactos con todas las geociencias y con diversas ciencias formales como las Matemáticas, la Lógica y la Informática. Una primera aproximación razonable a los límites de una ciencia sería a través de su definición. Sin embargo, las definiciones existentes de CIG a menudo son tan amplias que han sido criticadas con razón por practicar el gerrymandering, en particular con el resto de las geociencias. Para evitar el gerrymandering se propone una definición operacional que ubica a la CIG entre las ciencias que manejan Datos y no Información. Esto resuelve el problema del gerrymandering sin implicar realmente un recorte significativo de lo que normalmente se considera dentro de CIG. Una consecuencia no prevista es que esto permitirá caracterizar a la CIG como Ciencia Formal.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Geographic Information Science]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Spatial Data Science]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gerrymandering]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Formal Science]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[DIKW paradigm]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ciencia de la Información Geográfica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ciencia de Datos Espaciales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Gerrymandering]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Paradigma DIKW]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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