<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-8771</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Anestesia en México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Anest. Méx.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-8771</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Federación Mexicana de Colegios de Anestesiología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-87712016000200032</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efecto de los anestésicos en el desarrollo cerebral de niños]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Cortez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,revista anestesia en México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>32</fpage>
<lpage>37</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-87712016000200032&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-87712016000200032&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-87712016000200032&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Hoy en día la administración de la mayoría de los anestésicos actuales se está cuestionando. El carácter de reversibilidad de estos medicamentos se está poniendo en duda. Especialmente si se trata de anestésicos a niños menores de tres años de edad. La administración de isoflurano incrementa los niveles del calcio intracelular el cual es crítico para daño celular que resulta en daño por apoptosis. Los receptores NMDA y GABA están indirectamente involucrados en la afección de cerebros inmaduros. La inmadurez del sistema nervioso central asociado a la administración de agentes anestésicos como los inhalados, ketamina, midazolam, óxido nitroso y otros, produce cambios importantes en el cerebro, que repercuten en la vida posterior del niño. En la neurotoxicidad de los anestésicos dos cosas son importantes, dosis y tiempo de administración, los anestésicos de repetición producen mayores cambios cerebrales. Estas modificaciones han resultado en serios cambios conductuales y de la memoria en animales de experimentación. Se sospecha que una situación semejante podría ocurrir en niños quienes manifiestan problemas de aprendizaje en edades escolares.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Today the management of the majority of current anesthetics is challenging. The character of reversibility of these medications is being questioned. Especially if it's anesthetics to children under three years of age. Isoflurane administration increases the levels of intracellular calcium which is critical for cellular damage resulting in damage by apoptosis. NMDA and GABA receptors are indirectly involved in the condition of immature brains. The immaturity of the central nervous system associated with the administration of anesthetic agents such as the inhaled, ketamine, midazolam, nitrous oxide and others, produces changes in the brain that affect the child's later life. In the neurotoxicity of anesthetics two things are important, dose and time of administration, repeat anesthetics produce brain changes. These changes have resulted in serious behavioral changes and memory in experimental animals. It is suspected that such a situation could occur in children who manifest learning in school ages.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Apoptosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[anestésicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[déficit cognitivo en niños]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Apoptosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[anesthetics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cognitive impairment in children]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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