2448-718X
2448-718X
S2448-718X2025000200477
10.20430/ete.v92i366.2388
Ecuador
Ecuador
Spain
Spain
00
06
2025
00
06
2025
92
366
477
514
[
2015
43
1
1
138-54
]
[
2019
28
1
1
64-81
]
[
2016
83
1-11
]
[
2018
36
1
1
O1-O24
]
[
2018
]
[
2018
6
2
2
8-20
]
[
2017
108
387-412
]
[
2015
393
62-81
]
[
2014
36
592-9
]
[
2018
83
207-22
]
[
Banco Mundial
2021
]
[
2019
80
]
[
2022
72
]
[
2020
52
99-108
]
[
2022
55-84
]
[
2015
188
2
2
393-420
]
[
2012
29
4
4
1450-60
]
[
2018
57
236-45
]
[
2019
21
2
2
255-78
]
[
1978
46
6
6
12-51
]
[
2018
42
2
2
248-68
]
[
2000
15
179-222
]
[
2020
20
1
1
80-93
]
[
1994
40
259-92
]
[
1955
45
1
1
1-28
]
[
2016
52
5
5
1047-59
]
[
2018
72
2
2
343-55
]
[
2017
92
110-32
]
[
2016
58
403-12
]
[
2017
3
1
1
42-53
]
[
2019
]
[
2018
110
1-15
]
[
2018
46
399-419
]
[
2020
35
1
1
99-127
]
[
2017
93
447-59
]
[
2023
57
6
6
5193-211
]
[
1998
44
1
1
1-19
]
[
OCDE
2018
]
[
2018
5
1-2
1-2
19
]
[
1999
61
^ss1
^ss1
s1
653-70
]
[
2000
15
93-130
]
[
2004
20
597-625
]
[
2003
22
2
2
265-312
]
[
2004
1240
1-39
]
[
2007
22
2
2
265-312
]
[
PNUD
2016
]
[
2020
92
37-47
]
[
2016
163
365-409
]
[
2020
6
455-66
]
[
2020
74
1
1
63-72
]
[
2019
]
[
1993
61
4
4
783
]
[
2016
52
99-113
]
[
2018
188
144-57
]
[
2007
69
6
6
709-48
]
[
1991
47
1
1
5-46
]
[
2002
]
[
2017
52
49-58
]
[
2015
43
2
2
165-80
]
[
2017
48
6-22
]
[
2020
11
2
2
721-42
]