<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-6655</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Análisis económico]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Anál. econ.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-6655</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Azcapotzalco, División de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-66552023000200093</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24275/uam/azc/dcsh/ae/2023v38n98/aguirre</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Impacto del empleo informal en los rendimientos de la educación superior por el COVID-19 en México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Impact of informal employment on the returns of higher education due to Covid-19 in Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguirre-Aguirre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Humberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Austria-Carlos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marco Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gavira-Durón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nora]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Venegas-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de las Américas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Puebla]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>98</numero>
<fpage>93</fpage>
<lpage>111</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-66552023000200093&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-66552023000200093&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-66552023000200093&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Esta investigación evalúa el impacto del empleo informal sobre la tasa de ganancia salarial (rendimiento marginal) de los individuos que cuentan con Educación Superior (ES) en México en el marco de la contingencia sanitaria por COVID-19 en 2020, la cual obligó al cierre de un importante número de actividades económicas en el sector formal. La estimación de los rendimientos de la ES se lleva a cabo mediante el procedimiento sugerido por Heckman et al., (2001) y extendido por Mogstad et al., (2020) que incorpora múltiples variables instrumentales y por Pinamang-Acheampong et al., (2022) que trata la heterogeneidad no observada mediante un modelo de regresión de sustitución endógena. La información utilizada para las estimaciones emplea una muestra de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH) 2020. Se encontró evidencia empírica de que el mercado informal de trabajo tuvo un impacto negativo drástico en los salarios de los individuos que cuentan con ES.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This research assesses the impact of informal employment on the wage earning rate (marginal return) of individuals who have Higher Education (HE) in Mexico in the framework of the health contingency due to COVID-19 in 2020, which forced to the closure of a significant number of formal economic activities. HE returns estimation is carried out using the procedure suggested by Heckman et al., (2001) and extended by Mogstad et al., (2020) incorporating multiple instrumental variables and by Pinamang-Acheampong et al., (2022) treating unobserved heterogeneity using an endogenous switching regression model. The information employed for the estimates uses a sample from the National Household Income and Expenditure Survey (ENIGH, Spanish acronym for Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares) 2020. Empirical evidence is found that the informal labor market had a drastic negative impact on the wages of individuals with ES.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[rendimientos a la educación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[educación superior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ingreso laboral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[métodos estadísticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[returns to education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[higher education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[labor income]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[statistical methods]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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