<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-654X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Estudios de Asia y África]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Estud. Asia Áfr.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-654X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-654X2018000200267</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24201/eaa.v0i0.2401</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Los logros y los errores de un proceso de insurrección popular: Egipto, 2011-2014]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The achievements and errors of a process of popular insurrection: Egypt, 2011-2014]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castañeda Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Departamento de Filosofía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>267</fpage>
<lpage>291</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-654X2018000200267&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-654X2018000200267&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-654X2018000200267&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: El propósito de este trabajo es evaluar, desde una perspectiva histórica, los logros y los errores del proceso de insurrección popular que se inició en el país del Nilo el 25 de enero de 2011 y concluyó con la promulgación de la nueva Constitución egipcia en enero de 2014. Fueron cuatro años de intensa realidad histórica en los que el pueblo egipcio fue capaz de realizar las thawratâni masriyyatâni, dos &#8220;revoluciones egipcias&#8221; que buscaban alcanzar los grandes objetivos de &#8220;pan, libertad, justicia social y dignidad humana&#8221; y que acabaron por delinearse como las metas de los procesos de rebelión que el mundo atestiguó en este periodo. Notables beneficios, pero también errores muy costosos que han permitido el retorno de un régimen de control militar sobre las fuerzas populares que hicieron las &#8220;revoluciones&#8221; de 2011 y 2013, y que pretende impedir la aplicación de las medidas que lleven a un verdadero cambio económico, social y político en Egipto.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to evaluate, from a historical perspective, the major achievements of a process of popular insurrection in Egypt beginning on January 25, 2011, which concluded with the promulgation of the new Egyptian Constitution in January, 2014, while evaluating as well its notable mistakes. These were four years of intense historical reality, when the Egyptian people were able to carry out what was called the thawratâni masriyyatâni, two &#8220;Egyptian revolutions&#8221; that tried to achieve the objectives of &#8220;bread, freedom, social justice and human dignity&#8221;-which became the goals for the progress of rebellion witnessed by the world during that period. This was a time of significant achievements but also very costly mistakes that allowed the coming to power of a regime where there was military control over the popular forces that made the 2011 and 2013 &#8220;revolutions&#8221;-military control with the aim of preventing the implementation of measures for real-economic, social, political-change in Egypt.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[movilización popular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[contrarrevolución]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[justicia social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Constitución]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[coalición política]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Egipto]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[popular mobilization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[counterrevolution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social justice]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Constitution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[political coalition]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Egypt]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdel-Malek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El ocultamiento de Egipto. Tesis hacia una prospectiva]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios de Asia y África]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>477-514</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdelrahman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A hierarchy of struggles? The &#8220;economic&#8221; and the &#8220;political&#8221; in Egypt&#8217;s revolution]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Review of African Political Economy]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>134</numero>
<issue>134</issue>
<page-range>614-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abou El Fadl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Failure of a revolution. The military, secular intelligentsia and religion in Egypt&#8217;s pseudo-secular state]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sadiki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Routledge handbook of the Arab Spring. Rethinking democratization]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>253-70</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Achcar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The people want. A radical exploration of the Arab uprising]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Saqi]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inside Egypt&#8217;s draft constitution: Questions over social justice]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Al Ahram Online]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Auken]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[With death toll rising, Egypt&#8217;s opposition calls for talks with Mursi]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Socialist Web Site]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castañeda Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sociedad antigua y respuesta popular. Movimientos sociales en Egipto antiguo]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNAM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castañeda Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Egipto contemporáneo: economía, política y sociedad]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castañeda Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reflexiones sobre un movimiento popular: la &#8220;Revolución egipcia&#8221; de 2011]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Protestas populares en África del norte y Medio Oriente. Un primer balance]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castañeda Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El movimiento popular en Egipto en 2011: resultados primeros y tareas futuras]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mesa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El pueblo quiere que caiga el régimen. Protestas sociales y conflictos en África del Norte y en Medio Oriente]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>231-52</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castañeda Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[De los peligros de la democracia occidental. Por la formación de un gobierno de unidad nacional en el País del Nilo]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Onaha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[ALADAA XIV Congreso Internacional. Documento 1]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>1968-2000</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[La Plata ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Latinoamericana de Estudios de Asia y África]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castañeda Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;El islam [no ha sido] la solución&#8221;. Egipto bajo el gobierno de los Hermanos Musulmanes (2012-2013)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios de Asia y África]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>509-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castañeda Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Algunas reflexiones sobre el papel del ejército en el movimiento popular egipcio (2011-2015)]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Medio Oriente contemporáneo: perspectivas desde México]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castañeda Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[De la Constitución y las Constituciones en Egipto contemporáneo (2011-2014): análisis y reflexiones iniciales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios de Asia y África]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>137-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castañeda Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La segunda thawra masriya: de la responsabilidad histórica de los Hermanos Musulmanes a la &#8220;Contrarrevolución&#8221; en Egipto contemporáneo]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corriente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Diccionario árabe-español]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Hispano]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daguzan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.-F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Armées et société dans le monde arabe : entre révolte et conservatisme]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Maghreb-Machrek]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>214</volume>
<page-range>9-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dawoud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Constitutional conflict]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Al Ahram Weekly]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dessouki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. E. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The politics of income distribution in Egypt]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdel-Khalek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tignor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Political economy of distribution in Egypt]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<page-range>55-87</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Holmes y Meier]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eagleton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Why Marx was right]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New Haven ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Yale University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Egypt presidency reiterates planned roadmap</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Al Ahram Online]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El-Ghobashy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Politics by other means]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boston Review]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El-Din]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Egypt challenged to unite]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Al Ahram Weekly]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El-Din]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pro-Sisi coalition set to be dominant parliamentary bloc after sweeping Egypt&#8217;s polls]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Al Ahram Weekly]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elshobaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Realidad y futuro de la revolución egipcia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Awraq. Revista de análisis y pensamiento sobre el mundo árabe e islámico contemporáneo]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>107-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ezzat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A justified fear?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Al Ahram Weekly Online]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ezzat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An elusive dream]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Al Ahram Weekly]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fahim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Crackdown by Egypt draws attention to an anniversary it aimed to avoid]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The New York Times]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fahim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kareem]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kulish]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Opposition in Egypt urges unity government]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The New York Times]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farag]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What Egyptians really want]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Al Ahram Online]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fisk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los manifestantes egipcios trazan plan para un futuro sin Mubarak]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[La Jornada]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fisk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trump, Assad y Al Sisi: rasgo común]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[La Jornada]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fontana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La historia después del fin de la historia. Reflexiones acerca de la situación actual de la ciencia histórica]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Crítica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gardiner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The admonitions of an Egyptian sage from a hieratic papyrus in Leiden (Pap. Leiden 344 Recto)]]></source>
<year>1909</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Liepzig ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[J. C. Hinrichs&#8217;sche Buchhandlung]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mubarakism without Mubarak. Why Egypt&#8217;s military will not embrace democracy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The new Arab revolt. What happened, what it means, and what comes next]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>110-4</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Council on Foreign Relations]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González del Miño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Egipto: desafíos de una transición incierta]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González del Miño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tres años de revoluciones árabes. Procesos de cambio: repercusiones internas y regionales]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>140-68</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Catarata]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grecko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El regreso de los generales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceso]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>1914</numero>
<issue>1914</issue>
<page-range>54-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirkpatrick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Coming to mourn Tahrir Square&#8217;s dead, and joining them instead]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The New York Times]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Landler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ambassador becomes focus of Egyptians&#8217; mistrust of U.S.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The New York Times]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mackey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The lede: Latest updates on Egypt&#8217;s political crisis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The New York Times]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maged]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[No vindication]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Al Ahram Weekly]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Messiha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teulon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Egypte : d&#8217;une révolution à une autre?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Maghreb-Machrek]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>216</volume>
<page-range>129-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Millones de egipcios exigen la renuncia del presidente Mursi]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[La Jornada]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morsy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Below average turnout]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Al Ahram Weekly]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morsy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An uneventful day]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Al Ahram Weekly]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Egyptian revolution and the role of the left. Success and failure factors]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ The left and the Arab Revolutions]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>El Cairo </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niemuth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Protest shake Egypt after cut to bread subsidies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Socialist Web Site]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[North]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kishore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[2014-2015: Results and prospects]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Socialist Web Site]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Off the street: How 5th anniversary of Egypt&#8217;s 2011 revolution was commemorated]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Al Ahram Online]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Arab revolt and the imperialist counterattack]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Atlanta ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Clarity Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rutherford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Egypt: The origins and consequences of the January 25 uprising]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hass]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lesch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Arab Spring. Change and resistance in the Middle East]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>35-63</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boulder ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Westview Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Selim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Selim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Égypte : une révolution permanente, trahie ou kidnappée?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Alternatives Sud]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>77-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serageldin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Egypt&#8217;s inexorable revolution]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Al Ahram Weekly]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaoul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Egypt destabilized in wake of bomb attack on Coptic Church]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Socialist Web Site]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shehata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Islamists and secularists in Egypt. Opposition, conflict, and cooperation]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stern]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Egyptian presidential elections marked by mass abstention and fraud]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Socialist Web Site]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stern]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Leaked report reveals army torture, killings during the Egyptian Revolution]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Socialist Web Site]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stern]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Egyptian president Mursi vows to stay in power despite mass protests]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Socialist Web Site]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stern]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Revolution and counterrevolution in Egypt: The political lessons]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Socialist Web Site]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stern]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[War in the Middle East, imperialism and the lessons of the Egyptian Revolution]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Socialist Web Site]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Patterson&#8217;s term in Egypt officially ends]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Daily News Egypt]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Touring Polling Stations</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Al Ahram Weekly]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trager]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Letter from Cairo. The people&#8217;s military in Egypt?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The new arab revolt]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>81-5</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Council on Foreign Relations]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Egypt sentences 152 to prison for protest over transfer of Islands]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The New York Times]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
