<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-6442</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Estudios sociológicos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Estud. sociol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-6442</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México A.C., Centro de Estudios Sociológicos]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-64422024000100218</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24201/es.2024v42.e2698</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Negociando la Ruta: Informalidad y precariedad en el trabajo de plataformas peruano]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Negotiating the Route: Informality and Precariousness in Peruvian Platform Work]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Omar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mogollón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Natalia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azañedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vanessa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Pacífico  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lima ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lima ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>42</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-64422024000100218&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-64422024000100218&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-64422024000100218&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen. La expansión del trabajo de plataformas en Perú ha ocurrido en un contexto de ambigüedad regulatoria, marcada además por la precariedad laboral preexistente. Este artículo explora las respuestas fragmentadas desde las instituciones públicas y el gobierno, así como las expectativas y estrategias de los trabajadores para navegar un entorno incierto. Partiendo de entrevistas con conductores y el análisis de políticas públicas, el estudio discute las dinámicas de negociación normativa por parte de trabajadores y políticos. Específicamente, analizamos la complejidad en torno a nociones de formalidad, en tanto la distinción entre trabajo formal e informal es difusa, y los trabajadores no necesariamente la valoran tal como los reguladores. Esta discusión contribuye al debate sobre la gobernanza del trabajo en plataformas en América Latina, mostrando cómo el caso peruano ilustra los desafíos de países con alta informalidad ante el avance de nuevas tecnologías.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract. The expansion of platform work in Peru has occurred in a context of regulatory ambiguity, further marked by pre-existing labor precariousness. This article explores the fragmented responses from public institutions and the government, as well as the expectations and strategies of workers to navigate an uncertain environment. Based on interviews with drivers and analysis of public policies, the study discusses the dynamics of normative negotiation by workers and politicians. Specifically, we analyze the complexity surrounding notions of formality, as the distinction between formal and informal work is blurred, and workers do not necessarily value it in the same way as regulators. Through this discussion, we contribute to the debate on the governance of platform work, as the Peruvian case exemplifies the challenges faced by countries with high levels of informality in the face of the expansion of new technologies.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[informalidad laboral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[economía de plataformas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[precariedad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Perú]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[labor informality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[platform economy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[precarity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Peru]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abilio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ludmila Costhek]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Uberização: Do empreendedorismo para o autogerenciamento subordinado]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psicoperspectivas]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>41-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Norma]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdivia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Néstor]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los otros empresarios: Ética de migrantes y formación de empresas en Lima]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Estudios Peruanos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bensusán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Graciela]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Digital platform work in Latin America: Challenges and perspectives for its regulation]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haidar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julieta]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keune]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maarten]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Work and Labour Relations in Global Platform Capitalism]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<page-range>236-60</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Edward Elgar Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bielich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La guerra del centavo. Una mirada actual al transporte público en Lima Metropolitana]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Investigaciones]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boose]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[William]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los mototaxis del Perú y las contradicciones de la «(in) formalidad» y «modernidad»]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Histórica]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>113-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourdieu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pierre]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Social space and symbolic power]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sociological theory]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>14-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brenner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Neil]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tesis sobre la urbanización planetaria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nueva Sociedad]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The information age: Economy, society and culture]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The rise of the network society Vol. I]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Blackwell Publishers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Centro de Noticias del Congreso</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Regulan a empresas de transporte especial a través de plataformas tecnológicas]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martha]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La economía informal: Definiciones, teorías y políticas]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuenca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El sujeto emprendedor: Imaginarios de éxito y representaciones sobre el trabajo]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Estudios Peruanos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cueto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandra]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La construcción endógena del Estado: El caso de los inspectores laborales en el Perú]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dargent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El Páramo Reformista]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dinegro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandra]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Delivery y Empleo: Diagnóstico sobre las Condiciones Laborales en las Plataformas Digitales Caso Lima-Perú]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lima ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundación Friedrich Ebert-Perú]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dinegro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandra]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El desafío de regular las plataformas en Perú [The challenge of regulating platforms in Peru]]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lima ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundación Friedrich Ebert-Perú]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duggan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[James]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McDonnell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anthony]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sherman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ultan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carbery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ronan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Work in the gig economy: A research overview]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El Perú fracturado: Formalidad, informalidad y economía delictiva]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lima ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo Editorial del Congreso del Perú]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Fairwork</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Fairwork Perú Puntuaciones 2023: Estándares laborales en la economía de plataformas]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Reino Unido ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Filipetto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sonia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Micha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ariela]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereyra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisca]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poggi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cecilia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trombetta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martín]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Platform labour in contexts of high informality: Any improvement for workers? A critical assessment based on the case of Argentina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New Technology, Work and Employment]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Gobierno del Perú</collab>
<source><![CDATA[ATU: Entre julio y diciembre del 2023 se habilitaron más de 42 000 vehículos para brindar el servicio de taxi. Gobierno del Perú]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez Crocco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisca]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atzeni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maurizio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effects of the pandemic on gig economy couriers in Argentina and Chile: Precarity, algorithmic control and mobilization]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Labour Review]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>161</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>441-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heeks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomez-Morantes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Erasmo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mark]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Howson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kelle]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mungai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nicholson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Brian]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Belle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jean-Paul]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Digital platforms and institutional voids in developing countries: The case of ride-hailing markets]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Development]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>145</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hidalgo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kuskaya]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valencia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Belén]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Entre la precarización y el alivio cotidiano. Las plataformas Uber Eats y Glovo en Quito]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Friedrich-EbertStiftung Ecuador Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>INEI</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Pobreza Monetaria afectó al 29,0% de la población el año 2023]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gobierno Peruano]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Latinobarómetro</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Informe 2023]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Latinobarómetro]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Omar]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Marchas e Incendios: La política de la heterogeneidad en el mundo laboral peruano]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vergara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portocarrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Felipe]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aproximaciones al Perú de Hoy desde las Ciencias Sociales]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>51-69</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad del Pacifico]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Omar]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ponce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[César]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portocarrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adriana]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Saldivar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adriana]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Experiencias y expectativas de los trabajadores en puestos clave durante la pandemia: El caso peruano]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[International Labour Organization]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manrique]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gonzalo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Impacto de las plataformas digitales en la economía peruana]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Peruano de Economía]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hernan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Gobierno observa ley que permitía a colectiveros evadir fiscalización de ATU usando apps de taxi: Estos son los vacíos detectados]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Comercio]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mezzadra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuppini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Niccoló]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frapporti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mattia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pirone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maurilio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Capitalism in the Platform Age: Emerging Assemblages of Labour and Welfare in Urban Spaces]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer International Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nicolás]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diana]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trabajo y Plataformas. Desafíos para la organización de trabajadores de plataformas en América Latina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trabajo y Sociedad]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>XXIV</volume>
<numero>40</numero>
<issue>40</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mogollón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Natalia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Formas de control laboral en la gig economy y resistencia: El caso de los repartidores de Rappi en Lima Metropolitina en el contexto de pandemia]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ness]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Immanuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ovetz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Swidler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eva-Marie]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zwick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Austin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Routledge Handbook of the Gig Economy]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<edition>1.a</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>OIT</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Panorama Laboral 2022]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panfichi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aldo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coronel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Omar]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cambio entre los vínculos entre la sociedad civil y el Estado en el Perú: 1968-2008]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plaza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Orlando]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cambios sociales en el Perú: 1968-2008]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lima, Perú ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paucar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[¿Hay relación laboral entre repartidores y empresas digitales? Esto dice el informe del grupo de trabajo creado por el MTPE]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Plataforma del Estado peruano</collab>
<source><![CDATA[ATU: resolución del Indecopi ignora la naturaleza del servicio de taxi y desprotege a los usuarios]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Plataforma del Estado Peruano</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Ministra Lazarte plantea regular los taxis por aplicativo y delivery en moto]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Plataforma del Estado Peruano</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Comunicado]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Redacción Canal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[ATU presentó nuevo reglamento para servicio de taxis en Lima y Callao]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Redacción EC</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Empresas de taxis por app a favor de ley que excluye la fiscalización de la ATU]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Comercio]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Moises Karls]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[&#8220;Dispersos&#8221; y &#8220;desarraigados&#8221;: Las consecuencias políticas del trabajo informal precario]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zoila]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La Cuestión Sindical De Los Regímenes Laborales Especiales]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[PUCP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schneider]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ben Ross]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hierarchical Capitalism in Latin America]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[James C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Yale University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Beverly J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Forces of labor: Workers&#8217; movements and globalization since 1870]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sopranzetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Shifting informalities: Motorcycle taxis, ride-hailing apps, and urban mobility in Bangkok]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geoforum]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>136</volume>
<page-range>293-301</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Standing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guy]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The precariat: The new dangerous class]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Bloomsbury Academic]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stewart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrew]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stanford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jim]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regulating work in the gig economy: What are the options?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Economic and Labour Relations Review]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>420-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Precariedad laboral en la era de las plataformas: Explorando el mundo del delivery en Lima]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Omar]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rostros del Trabajo]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<page-range>81-96</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo Editorial de la Universidad del Pacífico]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Swedberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The art of social theory]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vallas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Steven]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juliet B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What Do Platforms Do? Understanding the Gig Economy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annual Review of Sociology]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>273-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paloma]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mientras otros países avanzan con la regulación de taxis por aplicación, en el Perú los proyectos continúan estancados]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[RPP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vergara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La crisis del COVID-19 como Aleph peruano]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pettina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vanni]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[América Latina: Del estallido al COVID]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paola]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[MTPE analizará la regulación laboral para las plataformas digitales: ¿qué dicen las Apps?]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Comercio]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Fissured Workplace]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harvard University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yeung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Algorithmic regulation: A critical interrogation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Regulation &amp; governance]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>505-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
