<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-4911</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de opinión pública]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. opinión pública]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-4911</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-49112021000100137</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/fcpys.24484911e.2021.30.71797</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Desarrollo mediático. Una aproximación conceptual crítica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Media Development. A Conceptual Critical Approach]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Salvador de]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo Alejandro de la]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes Centro de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes Centro de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>30</numero>
<fpage>137</fpage>
<lpage>156</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-49112021000100137&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-49112021000100137&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-49112021000100137&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En este trabajo nos planteamos analizar críticamente el concepto de desarrollo mediático. Para ello, realizamos una revisión de la literatura especializada, enmarcada por los debates sobre la desigualdad desde una perspectiva global. Encontramos una falta de definición clara del concepto de desarrollo mediático (media development). Esta situación corresponde a una dispersión de las tradiciones intelectuales desde las cuales se postula su estudio. Encontramos siete perspectivas que corresponden a cuatro tendencias para analizarlo. En la discusión de cierre proponemos considerar el desarrollo mediático en un programa investigativo desde dos acepciones: como proceso sociocultural y como sistema susceptible de ser evaluado en un nivel estructural.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In this work, we consider to analyze critically the concept of media development. The objective is to make precise this concept through specialized literature review. Inequality in a global perspective is a central topic in this discussion. The main argument is a lack of definition of media development concept. This situation concerns to a dispersion of intellectual traditions for studying. We find seven perspectives in four trends. In the final discussion we propose to consider media development in two meanings: a sociocultural process and a structural evaluating system.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Desarrollo mediático]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[comunicación para el desarrollo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desigualdad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[globalización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[teoría]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Media development]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[communication for development]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[inequality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[globalization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[theory]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[AMÉZQUITA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alexander]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Informe de auditoría de frecuencias: itinerario de un proceso inconcluso]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chasqui. Revista Latinoamericana de Comunicación]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<numero>121</numero>
<issue>121</issue>
<page-range>111-7</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Quito, Ecuador ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Internacional de Estudios Superiores de Comunicación para América Latina]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ARROYO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tania]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Radiodifusión y telecomunicaciones en México, sector estratégico o nicho de mercado]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Política y Cultura]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<numero>43</numero>
<issue>43</issue>
<page-range>57-74</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[D. F., México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM)-Xochimilco]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BARKER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Democracy or Polyarchy? US-Funded Media Developments in Afghanistan and Iraq Post 9/11]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Media, Culture and Society]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>109-30</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres, Reino Unido ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SAGE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BARRANQUERO-CARRETERO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SÁEZ-BAEZA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Chiara]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comunicación y buen vivir. La crítica descolonial y ecológica a la comunicación para el desarrollo y el cambio social]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Palabra Clave]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>41-82</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá, Colombia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de La Sabana]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BAUMAN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zigmunt]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La globalización. Consecuencias humanas]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ciudad de México, México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BELTRÁN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Ramiro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las comunicaciones: instrumento olvidado del desarrollo nacional]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[TUFTE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thomas]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GUMUCIO-DRAGON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alfonso]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Antología de comunicación para el cambio social: lecturas históricas y contemporáneas]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>94-6</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[La Paz, Bolivia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Communication for Social Change Consortium]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BERGER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guy]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Problematizing &#8216;Media Development&#8217; As a Bandwagon Gets Rolling]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Communication Gazette]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>547-65</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres, Reino Unido ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SAGE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BOURGUIGNON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[François]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La globalización de la desigualdad]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ciudad de México, México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BUCKLEY]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Steve]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CHAABI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sawsen]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[OUARDA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bechir]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Assessment of Media Development in Tunisia]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[París, Francia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Bhutan Ministry of Information and Communications</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Media Development Assessment]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Kuensel, Buthan ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Royal Government of Bhutan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CHECA-GODOY]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La banca y la propiedad de los medios: el caso de Ecuador]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Latina de Comunicación Social]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<numero>67</numero>
<issue>67</issue>
<page-range>1-23</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Tenerife, España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de La Laguna]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CHECA-MONTÚFAR]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La investigación de la comunicación en CIESPAL 2009-2014]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Razón y Palabra]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>93</numero>
<issue>93</issue>
<page-range>48-65</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Quito, Ecuador ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad del Hemisferio]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CHRISTOPHOROU]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christophoros]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Greek Cypriot Media Development and Politics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Cyprus Review]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>235-45</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chipre, Grecia ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DRUL&#258;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Georgeta]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Formas de la convergencia de medios y contenidos multimedia: una perspectiva rumana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comunicar]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>44</numero>
<issue>44</issue>
<page-range>131-40</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Huelva, España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Comunicar]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ENGHEL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Florencia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[¿Qué es el futuro?, o la relación entre comunicación, desarrollo sustentable y justicia social en el siglo XXI: sures, nortes y desafíos]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 30Encuentro Nacional de la Asociación Mexicana de Investigadores de la Comunicación (AMIC)]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Ciudad de México, México </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ENGHEL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Florencia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Towards a Political Economy of Communication in Development?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nordicom Review]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<numero>36</numero>
<issue>36</issue>
<page-range>11-24</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Gotemburgo, Suecia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sciendo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ENGHEL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Florencia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[WILKINS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mobilizing Communication Globally]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nordicom Review]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<numero>33</numero>
<issue>33</issue>
<page-range>9-14</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Gotemburgo, Suecia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sciendo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FIGARO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roseli]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[As relaçoes de comunicaçao e as condiçoes de produçao no trabalho de jornalistas en arranjos econômicos alternativos as corporaçoes de mídias]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo, Brasil ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidade de São Paulo-Escola de Comunicações e Artes]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FRUTOS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ruth Ainhoa de]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis crítico de los indicadores mediáticos: ¿Instrumentos útiles para la realización de los estudios comparados y diacrónicos?]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ VICongreso Internacional Latina de Comunicación Social]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Tenerife, España </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FUENTES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raúl]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Everett M. Rogers (1931-2004) y la investigación latinoamericana de la comunicación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comunicación y Sociedad]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>93-125</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Guadalajara, México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Guadalajara]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GÓMEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Mexican Third Sector of the Media: The Long Run to Democratise the Mexican Communication System]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[TripleC. Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>332-52</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres, Reino Unido ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GOZÁLVEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vicent]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CONTRERAS-PULIDO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paloma]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Empoderar a la ciudadanía mediática desde la educomunicación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comunicar]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>42</numero>
<issue>42</issue>
<page-range>129-36</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Huelva, España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Comunicar]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HALLIN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MANCINI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paolo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Comparing Media Systems. Three Models of Media and Politics]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HALLIN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MANCINI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paolo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Comparing Media Systems Beyond the Western World]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge, Londres, Reino Unido ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HELD]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MCGREW]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anthony]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GOLDBLATT]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PERRATON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jonathan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Global Transformations. Politics, Economics and Culture]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge, Reino Unido ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Polity Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HUERTA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wendy Dinora]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BECERRA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La reforma del sector de telecomunicaciones en México: una lectura desde el paradigma de la complejidad]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Razón y Palabra]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>95</numero>
<issue>95</issue>
<page-range>487-512</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Quito, Ecuador ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de los Hemisferios]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<collab>International Association for Media and Communication Research</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Media Sector Development Working Group]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Annual Conference of the International Association for Media and Communication Research]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Madrid, España </conf-loc>
<page-range>1-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[JENATSCH]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thomas]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BAUER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Communication for Development. A Practical Guide]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berna, Suiza ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LEE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Micky]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Feminist Political Economic Critique of the Human Development Approach to New Information and Communication Technologies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Communication Gazette]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>524-38</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres, Reino Unido ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SAGE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LEE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Philip]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Media Development]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ WACC at 50 Celebrating Inclusion]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Toronto, Canadá </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LOH]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yvonne]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Approaches to ICT for Development (ICT4D): Vulnerabilities vs. Capabilities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Information Development]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>229-38</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres, Reino Unido ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SAGE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LÓPEZ-LÓPEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paulo Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PUENTES-RIVERA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Iván]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RÚAS-ARAÚJO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transparencia en televisiones públicas: desarrollo de indicadores y análisis de los casos de España y Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Latina de Comunicación Social]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<numero>72</numero>
<issue>72</issue>
<page-range>253-73</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Tenerife, España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de La Laguna]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LUGO-OCANDO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jairo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Un megáfono para la verdad: programas de cooperación y asistencia de los medios de comunicación y el periodismo en el sur global]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brazilian Journalism Research]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>428-49</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Brasilia, Brasil ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Associação Brasileira de Pesquisadores em Jornalismo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MARÍN-GUTIÉRREZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isidro]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DÍAZ-PAREJA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elena]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[AGUADED]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ignacio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La competencia mediática en niños y jóvenes: la visión de España y Ecuador]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chasqui. Revista Latinoamericana de Comunicación]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<numero>124</numero>
<issue>124</issue>
<page-range>41-7</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Quito, Ecuador ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Internacional de Estudios Superiores de Comunicación para América Latina]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MCBRIDE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sean]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Un solo mundo, voces múltiples. Comunicación e información en nuestro tiempo]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[D. F., México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MCNAMARA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joshua]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Digital Media, Development and Political Creativity - Between Utopia and Digital Disruption in Urban Nairobi]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Critical African Studies]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>268-80</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres, Reino Unido ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Taylor and Francis]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MENDEL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Toby]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Assessment of Media Development in Egypt]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[El Cairo, Egipto ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MENDEL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Toby]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Assessment of Media Development in the Maldives]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva Delhi ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MENDEL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Toby]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Assessment of Media Development in Timor Leste]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[París, Francia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MIGUEL DE BUSTOS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Comunicación sostenible y desarrollo humano en la sociedad de la información. Consideraciones y propuestas]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid, España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MILANOVIC]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Branko]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Desigualdad mundial. Un nuevo enfoque para la era de la globalización]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ciudad de México, México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Ministry of Information and Communications, Bhutan</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Media Development Assessment, 2010]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Kuensel, Bhutan ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Royal Government of Bhutan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[NYGREN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gunnar]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Media Development and Professional Autonomy: The Factors Influencing Professional Journalism in Different Media System]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[NYGREN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gunnar]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DOBEK-OSTROWSKA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Boguslawa]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journalism in Change. Journalistic Culture in Poland, Russia and Sweden]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>2-3</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Frankfurt, Alemania ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Peter Lang]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Organización de las Naciones Unidas</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Agenda para el desarrollo sostenible]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York, EE. UU. ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura</collab>
<collab>Programa Internacional para el Desarrollo de la Comunicación</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Indicadores de desarrollo mediático: marco para evaluar el desarrollo de los medios de comunicación social]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Quito, Ecuador ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNESCO]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PADILLA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rebeca]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MEDINA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Norma Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[TIC, desarrollo y jóvenes. Un estado de la cuestión]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Comunicación]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>336-52</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lima, Perú ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Piura]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PERU&#352;KO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zrinjka]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Assessment in Media Development in Croatia]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[París, Francia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PETERS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bettina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Future of Journalism and Challenges for Media Development]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journalism Practice]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>268-73</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres, Reino Unido ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Taylor and Francis]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PHIRI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sam]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FOURIE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pieter J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Media Development Aid and the Westernisation of Africa: The Case of the Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa (OSISA)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Communicatio]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>80-99</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres, Reino Unido ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Taylor and Francis]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RELLY]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jeannine E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ZANGER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Margaret]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Enigma of News Media Development with Multi-Pronged &#8216;Capture&#8217;: The Afghanistan Case]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journalism]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1233-55</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres, Reino Unido ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SAGE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RODNY-GUMEDE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ylva]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Re-Conceptualizing the Analysis of Media Development and Trajectories Hereof in Post-Colonial Societies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Global Media and Communication]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>131-46</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres, Reino Unido ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SEIN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maung K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[THAPA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Devinder]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HATAKKA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mathias]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SAEBØ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Øystein]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Holistic Perspective on the Theoretical Foundations for ICT4D Research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Information Technology for Development]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>7-25</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres, Reino Unido ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SEN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amartya]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Desarrollo y libertad]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires, Argentina ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Planeta]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SOLÍS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Beatriz]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Comunicación: memorias de un campo. Entrevistas de Mario Kaplún a los padres fundadores]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Tintable]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SUING]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Abel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ORTIZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GONZÁLEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Verónica]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Configuración de las autoridades de regulación de la televisión en los países andinos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Latina de Comunicación Social]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>71</numero>
<issue>71</issue>
<page-range>730-49</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Tenerife, España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de La Laguna]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[THOMPSON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mark]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Media Development by OSCE Field Missions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Helsinki Monitor]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>244-53</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Leiden, Holanda ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Brill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[TORRICO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Erick R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VILLEGAS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sandra]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis del desarrollo mediático en Bolivia]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[La Paz, Bolivia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[TUFTE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thomas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Comunicación para el cambio social. La participación y el empoderamiento como base para el desarrollo mundial]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona, España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Icaria]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VIEIRIA MÁRIO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tomás]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Assesment of Media Development in Mozambique]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[París, Francia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Worlds of Journalism Study]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[WASKO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Janet]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Political Economy of Communication]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DOWNING]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Sage Handbook of Media Studies]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<page-range>309-29</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres, Reino Unido ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SAGE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
