<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2444-054X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cirugía y cirujanos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cir. cir.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2444-054X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia Mexicana de Cirugía A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2444-054X2022000400517</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/ciru.21000102</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Empatía general y empatía médica en estudiantes mexicanos de medicina: integración de un perfil empático]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[General empathy and medical empathy in Mexican medical students: Integration of an empathic profile]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcorta-Garza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adelina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moncada-Heredia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Surya]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda-Mercado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Urquiza-Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diana I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figuerola-Escoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosa P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lezana-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meneses-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Comisión Nacional de Arbitraje Médico Dirección General de Difusión e Investigación ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Facultad de Medicina Departamento de Psiquiatría]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Nuevo León ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza Facultad de Enfermería]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad WestHill Facultad de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Escuela de Humanidades y Educación ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias de la Salud Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>90</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>517</fpage>
<lpage>524</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2444-054X2022000400517&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2444-054X2022000400517&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2444-054X2022000400517&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo: Identificar la asociación entre empatía general y empatía médica. Detectar predictores del nivel de empatía médica a partir de la empatía general. Determinar el perfil psicosocial que describa la relación entre empatía general, empatía médica y características demográficas y académicas en estudiantes de medicina.  Método: Estudio transversal descriptivo. Estudiantes de medicina completaron el Índice de Reactividad Interpersonal (IRI) y la Escala de Empatía Médica de Jefferson versión estudiantil (EEMJ-E).  Resultados: Se detectaron niveles relativamente altos de empatía general y médica. El puntaje total del IRI y la EEMJ-E y sus dimensiones se correlacionaron positivamente (r = 0.14-0.52), excepto para la dimensión malestar personal del IRI. El puntaje en la dimensión preocupación empática del IRI fue el mejor predictor del puntaje de la EEMJ-E y sus dimensiones (b = 0.27-0.54). Se detectaron cuatro perfiles: 1) hombres, preferencia por especialidad orientada a la tecnología, menor empatía; 2) estudiantes del periodo preclínico, menor empatía; 3) estudiantes del periodo clínico, mayor empatía; y 4) mujeres, preferencia por especialidad orientada al paciente, mayor empatía.  Conclusiones: La empatía general y la empatía médica se encuentran asociadas. Unos perfiles empáticos diferenciados permitirán el diseño de estrategias de instrucción en empatía acordes con las necesidades específicas de cada uno.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Objective: To identify the association between general empathy and medical empathy. Detect predictors of the level of medical empathy from general empathy. To determine the psychosocial profile that describes the relationship between general empathy, medical empathy, and demographic and academic characteristics in medical students.  Method: Descriptive cross-sectional design. Medical students completed the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy-student version (JSPE-S).  Results: Relatively high levels of general and medical empathy were detected. The total score of the IRI and the JSPE-S and their dimensions correlated positively (r = 0.14-0.52), except for the dimension personal distress of the IRI. The score of the IRI dimension empathic concern was the best predictor of the JSPE-S score and its dimensions (b = 0.27-0.54). Four profiles were detected: 1) men, preference for technology-oriented specialty, less empathy; 2) pre-clinical period students, less empathy; 3) students of the clinical period, greater empathy; and 4) women, preference for patient-oriented specialty, greater empathy.  Conclusions: General and medical empathy are associated. Differentiated empathic profiles will allow the design of instructional strategies in empathy according to the specific needs of each one.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Nivel de empatía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estudiantes de medicina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Evaluación psicométrica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Predictores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Level of empathy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Medical students]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Psychometric evaluation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Predictors]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahmoudian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zamani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tavakoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farajzadegan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fathollahi-Dehkordi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Medication adherence in patients with hypertension:does satisfaction with doctor-patient relationship work?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Res Med Sci]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stepien]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baernstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Educating for empathy. A review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Gen Intern Med]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>524-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Derksen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bensing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lagro-Janssen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effectiveness of empathy in general practice:a systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Gen Pract]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<page-range>e84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stansfield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schwartz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Brien]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dekhtyar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dunham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quirk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Development of a metacognitive effort construct of empathy during clinical training:a longitudinal study of the factor structure of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>5-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ogle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bushnell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caputi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Empathy is related to clinical competence in medical care]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Educ]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>824-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Passi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doug]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peile]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Developing medical professionalism in future doctors:a systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Med Educ]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>19-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Measuring individual differences in empathy:evidence for a multidimensional approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pers Soc Psychol]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>113-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Sullivan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corcoran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Flynn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Tuathaigh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Sullivan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Medical school selection criteria as predictors of medical student empathy:a cross-sectional study of medical students, Ireland]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ Open]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>7</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hojat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mangione]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nasca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonnella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erdmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy:development and preliminary psychometric data]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educ Psychol Meas]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<page-range>349-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaplowitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MV]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effects of physician empathy on patient satisfaction and compliance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eval Health Prof]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>237-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira-Valente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monteiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salgueira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clarifying changes in student empathy throughout medical school:a scoping review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>1293-313</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caballero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lorenzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Validation of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy in Spanish medical students who participated in an Early Clerkship Immersion programme]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Med Educ]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>209</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Carvalho-Filho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schweller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thiemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salgueira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Measuring medical students'empathy:exploring the underlying constructs of and associations between two widely used self-report instruments in five countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acad Med]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<page-range>860-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Empathy, burnout, life satisfaction, correlations and associated socio-demographic factors among Chinese undergraduate medical students:an exploratory cross-sectional study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Med Educ]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>341</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ulloque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villalba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varela-De Villalba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fantini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quinteros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-Narváez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Niveles de empatía en estudiantes de medicina de Córdoba, Argentina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Argent Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>117</volume>
<page-range>81-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quince]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kinnersley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[da Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moriarty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thiemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Empathy among undergraduate medical students:a multi-centre cross-sectional comparison of students beginning and approaching the end of their course]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Med Educ]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piumatti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abbiati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baroffio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerbase]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Empathy trajectories throughout medical school:relationships with personality and motives for studying medicine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<page-range>1227-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcorta-Garza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tavitas-Herrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Lara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hojat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Validación de la escala de empatía médica de Jefferson en estudiantes de medicina mexicanos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Salud Ment]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>57-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahuatzin-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Velázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ES]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez-Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Propiedades psicométricas del Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) en mexicanos universitarios]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Iberoam Psicol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>111-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ellis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The essential guide to effect sizes:an introduction to statistical power, meta-analysis and the interpretation of research results]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kidron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaganovskiy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baron-Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Empathizing-systemizing cognitive styles:effects of sex and academic degree]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PloS One]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>13</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zamora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quesada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrion]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vilert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación de la empatía en estudiantes de Medicina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educ Med]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>114-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pessini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lotufo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessing empathy among medical students:a comparative analysis using two different scales in a Brazilian medical school]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educ Med]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>162-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sogi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estudio comparativo de salud mental en estudiantes de medicina de dos universidades estatales peruanas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[An Fac Med]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<page-range>239-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MAC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JHBP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bussab]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VSR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valentova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JV]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Empathizing, systemizing, and career choice in Brazil:sex differences and individual variation among areas of study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pers Individ Dif]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>97</volume>
<page-range>157-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinto-Gouveia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Empathy and feelings of guilt experienced by nurses:a cross-sectional study of their role in burnout and compassion fatigue symptoms]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Appl Nurs Res]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>42-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aboalshamat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jawhari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alotibi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alzahrani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Mohimeed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alzahrani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relationship of self-esteem with depression, anxiety, and stress among dental and medical students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JIMD]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>61-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Segura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eraña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RIE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luna-de-la-Garza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castorena-Ibarr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CMV]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análisis de la ansiedad en los primeros encuentros clínicos:experiencias utilizando la simulación clínica en estudiantes de pregrado]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educ Med]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>377-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rasoal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Danielsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jungert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Empathy among students in engineering programmes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Eng Educ]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>427-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
