<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2444-054X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cirugía y cirujanos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cir. cir.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2444-054X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia Mexicana de Cirugía A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2444-054X2020000400420</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/ciru.20001719</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Estadificación locorregional por resonancia magnética del cáncer de recto: influencia de la imagen potenciada en difusión en la precisión diagnóstica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Locoregional staging using magnetic resonance imaging in rectal cancer: influence of diffusion-weighted imaging in the diagnostic accuracy]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fornell-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alemán-Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patricia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porcel-de Peralta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubio-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jano]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Domínguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aranda-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vivas-Escalona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Valentina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loro-Ferrer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas Facultad de Medicina]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>88</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>420</fpage>
<lpage>427</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2444-054X2020000400420&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2444-054X2020000400420&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2444-054X2020000400420&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo: Evaluar si la eficacia en la estadificación locorregional por resonancia magnética (RM) del cáncer de recto (primaria o posneoadyuvancia) mejora al añadir imágenes potenciadas en difusión, según la experiencia previa del radiólogo.  Método: Estudio retrospectivo sobre 100 RM de 1.5 T (2011-2016) de pacientes con cáncer rectal (estándar de referencia: estadiaje histológico de pieza quirúrgica). Diez radiólogos (tres con experiencia en cáncer rectal, tres inexpertos y cuatro residentes) evaluaron individualmente cada caso dos veces: primero, solo secuencias T2 de alta resolución; segundo, valoración conjunta con difusión. Se analizó la diferenciación entre estadios precoces (0-I) y avanzados (II-IV), y se calcularon la precisión, la sensibilidad y la especificidad, y los valores predictivos.  Resultados: Al agregar la difusión, los radiólogos experimentados presentaron peores resultados, sobre todo en estadiaje primario (precisión: 0.769 a 0.701). Los inexpertos mostraron mejoría posneoadyuvancia (precisión: 0.574 a 0.642; especificidad: 19.1 a 29.8%), sin otros cambios destacables. Los residentes manifestaron peores resultados en estadiaje primario (precisión: 0.670 a 0.633; especificidad: 45.8-39.6%), pero mejoría posneoadyuvancia (sensibilidad: 80.6 a 87%). Las diferencias entre ambas revisiones no fueron estadísticamente significativas.  Conclusiones: No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la distinción entre tumores rectales precoces y avanzados al añadir secuencias de difusión al uso de secuencias T2 de alta resolución.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Objective: To assess whether the accuracy in locoregional staging using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in rectal cancer (primary or post-chemoradiotherapy) improves by adding diffusion-weighted imaging, according to the radiologist&#8217;s degree of experience.  Method: Retrospective study on 100 MRI records (1.5 T, 2011-2016) from patients with rectal cancer (reference standard: histology of surgical specimens). Ten radiologists (three experienced in rectal cancer, three specialized in other areas and four residents) individually reviewed each case twice: first, evaluating just high-resolution T2-weighted sequences; second, evaluation of diffusion-weighted plus high-resolution ones. The analysis focused on the differentiation between early (0-I) and advanced (II-IV) stages. Accuracy, sensitivity/specificity and predictive values were calculated.  Results: Experienced radiologists showed some worsening by adding diffusion-weighted imaging, mainly at primary staging (accuracy: 0.769 to 0.701). Inexperienced radiologists presented a post-chemoradiotherapy improvement (accuracy: 0.574 to 0.642; specificity of 19.1 to 29.8%), although with no other remarkable changes. Residents demonstrated a worsening at primary staging by adding diffusion (accuracy: 0.670 to 0.633; specificity: 45.8 to 39.6%), but post-chemoradiotherapy improvement (sensitivity: 80.6 to 87%). The differences between both reviews were not statistically significant.  Conclusions: No significant differences were found in the distinction between early and advanced rectal tumors secondary to adding diffusion-weighted imaging to high-resolution T2-weighted sequences.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Invasividad tumoral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Neoplasia rectal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Quimioterapia neoadyuvante]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Resonancia magnética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Secuencias potenciadas en difusión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Neoplasm invasiveness]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Rectal neoplasms]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Neoadjuvant chemotherapy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Magnetic resonance imaging]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Diffusion-weighted imaging]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Visser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Welton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Local therapy for rectal cancer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Surg Oncol]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>61-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Demartines]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[von]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Flüe MO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transanal endoscopic microsurgical excision of rectal tumors:indications and results]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World J Surg]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>870-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glynne-Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wyrwicz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tiret]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rödel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cervantes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rectal cancer:ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Oncol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>iv22-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fowler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cash]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gage]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ACR Appropriateness Criteria®Pretreatment Staging of Colorectal Cancer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Coll Radiol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>S234-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beets-Tan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RGH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lambregts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DMJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bipat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caseiro-Alves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Magnetic resonance imaging for clinical management of rectal cancer:updated recommendations from the 2016 European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR) consensus meeting]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Radiol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>1465-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sullivan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tipton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KZ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kitajima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Magnetic resonance imaging of rectal cancer:staging and restaging evaluation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Abdom Imaging]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<page-range>2613-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prezzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rectal cancer magnetic resonance imaging:imaging beyond morphology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Oncol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>83-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beets-Tan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RGH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lambregts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DMJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bipat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caseiro-Alves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Magnetic resonance imaging for the clinical management of rectal cancer patients:recommendations from the 2012 European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR) consensus meeting]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Radiol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>2522-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tudyka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blomqvist]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beets-Tan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RGH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boelens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valentini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van De]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Velde CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[EURECCA consensus conference highlights about colon &amp;rectal cancer multidisciplinary management:the radiology experts review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Surg Oncol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<page-range>469-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lambregts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DMJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Heeswijk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delli Pizzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Elderen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SGC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NHGM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diffusion-weighted MRI to assess response to chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer:main interpretation pitfalls and their use for teaching]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Radiol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>4445-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van der]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paardt MP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zagers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beets-tan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RGH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stoker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bipat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Patients who undergo preoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer restaged by using diagnostic MR imaging :a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Radiology]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>269</volume>
<page-range>101-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Heeswijk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lambregts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DMJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hendriks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BMF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beets]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[DWI for assessment of rectal cancer nodes after chemoradiotherapy:is the absence of nodes at DWI proof of a negative nodal status?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Roentgenol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>208</volume>
<page-range>W79-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lambregts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DMJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vandecaveye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bakers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FCH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lambrecht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diffusion-weighted MRI for selection of complete responders after chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancer:a multicenter study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Surg Oncol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>2224-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YQ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[T staging of rectal cancer:accuracy of diffusion-weighted imaging compared with T2-weighted imaging on 3.0 tesla MRI]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Dig Dis]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>188-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heijnen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lambregts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DMJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mondal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riedl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beets]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in primary rectal cancer staging demonstrates but does not characterise lymph nodes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Radiol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>3354-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prediction of nodal involvement in primary rectal carcinoma without invasion to pelvic structures:accuracy of preoperative CT, MR, and DWIBS assessments relative to histopathologic findings]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>1-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YZ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diagnostic accuracy of MRI for assessment of T category and circumferential resection margin involvement in patients with rectal cancer:a meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dis Colon Rectum]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<page-range>789-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blazic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campbell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gollub]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[MRI for evaluation of treatment response in rectal cancer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Radiol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<page-range>20150964</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marijnen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CAM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagtegaal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ID]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klein Kranenbarg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hermans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van der Velde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JWH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[No downstaging after short-term preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Oncol]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>1976-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WX]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Preoperative diffusion-weighted imaging value of rectal cancer:preoperative T staging and correlations with histological T stage]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Imaging]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<page-range>563-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hofheinz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R-D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wenz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Post]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matzdorff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laechelt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hartmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine versus fluorouracil for locally advanced rectal cancer:a randomised, multicentre, non-inferiority, phase 3 trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet Oncol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>579-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richards]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Newcombe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Radcliffe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dallimore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Morphologic predictors of lymph node status in rectal cancer with use of high-spatial-resolution MR imaging with histopathologic comparison]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Radiology]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>227</volume>
<page-range>371-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FGM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Swift]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blomqvist]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A systematic approach to the interpretation of preoperative staging MRI for rectal cancer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Roentgenol]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>191</volume>
<page-range>1827-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Byrd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Compton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fritz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trotti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<collab>Colon and Rectum</collab>
<source><![CDATA[AJCC Cancer Staging Handbook. From AJCC Cancer Staging Man]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<edition>7th ed</edition>
<page-range>143-59</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer International Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Landis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biometrics]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>159-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suppiah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hunter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cowley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garimella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cast]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hartley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Magnetic resonance imaging accuracy in assessing tumour down-staging following chemoradiation in rectal cancer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Color Dis]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>249-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Den]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Broek JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Der]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wolf FSW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lahaye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heijnen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meischl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heitbrink]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Accuracy of MRI in restaging locally advanced rectal cancer after preoperative chemoradiation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dis Colon Rectum]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<page-range>274-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vliegen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beets]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[von Meyenfeldt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kessels]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AGH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemaire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EEMT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Engelshoven]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rectal cancer:MR imaging in local staging &#8212;is gadolinium-based contrast material helpful?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Radiology]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>234</volume>
<page-range>179-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jhaveri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hosseini-Nik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[MRI of rectal cancer:an overview and update on recent advances]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Roentgenol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>205</volume>
<page-range>W42-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Locally advanced rectal cancer:added value of diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the evaluation of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemo- and radiation therapy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Radiology]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>253</volume>
<page-range>116-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SX]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zeng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CZ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The value of diffusion-weighted imaging in combination with T2-weighted imaging for rectal cancer detection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Radiol]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<page-range>299-303</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sassen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Booij M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sosef]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berendsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lammering]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clarijs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Locally advanced rectal cancer:is diffusion weighted MRI helpful for the identification of complete responders (ypT0N0) after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Radiol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>3440-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sullivan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mittal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[MRI evaluation of rectal cancer:staging and restaging]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Probl Diagn Radiol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>234-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
