<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2395-8715</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de economía]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. econ.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2395-8715</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Economía, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2395-87152024000200029</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33937/reveco.2024.406</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La brecha del éxito: desigualdad de oportunidades y movilidad socioeconómica en México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The achievement gap: inequality of opportunitities and socioeconomic mobility in Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castañeda Valencia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>103</numero>
<fpage>29</fpage>
<lpage>68</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2395-87152024000200029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2395-87152024000200029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2395-87152024000200029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La presente investigación analiza cómo influyen en México las características del individuo (ámbito de origen, color de piel, estatus económico de origen y educación) y los factores estructurales (crecimiento económico y apertura comercial) en las oportunidades de obtener un nivel de bienestar económico alto. Por medio de un modelo probit, estimado en dos etapas con variables instrumentales en un contexto de muestras complejas, se identifica que las personas nacidas en hogares con estatus económico bajo, originarias de localidades rurales y de piel morena, tienen menores probabilidades de éxito económico con respecto a las personas de estatus de origen económico no-bajo, provenientes del ámbito urbano y piel clara. Los hallazgos también revelan que el crecimiento económico y el logro escolar aumentan las probabilidades de obtener un estatus económico alto, pero el incremento de probabilidades no es homogéneo, sino que favorece en mayor medida a personas de origen económico no-bajo, provenientes del ámbito urbano y piel clara. Finalmente, se identifica que, a través de las distintas tasas de crecimiento y logro escolar, las diferencias en el bienestar económico se amplían, lo que indica aumento de la desigualdad entre grupos privilegiados y no-privilegiados. La ruta de investigación es innovadora ya que no solo analiza el efecto del crecimiento económico y el logro académico en la movilidad social, sino que también aporta un método empírico que indaga el efecto del crecimiento y el logro académico en la desigualdad de oportunidades de ascenso socioeconómico. Los resultados indican la existencia de barreras de movilidad irracionales basadas en criterios sobre los que el individuo no tiene control.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This research analyzes how individual characteristics (area of origin, skin color, economic status of origin and education) and structural factors (economic growth and trade openness) influence in Mexico the opportunities to obtain a high level of economic well-being. Using a IV-probit model estimated in two stages with instrumental variables in a context of complex samples, it is identified that people born in homes with low economic status, originating from rural localities and with brown skin have lower probabilities of economic success compared to people of non-low economic status, from urban areas and light skin. The findings also reveal that economic growth and educational achievement increase the probabilities of obtaining a high economic status, but the increase in probabilities is bigger for people of non-low economic origin, coming from urban areas and light skin. Finally, through the different rates of growth and school achievement, the differences in economic well-being widen, which indicates an increase in inequality between privileged and non-privileged groups. This research is innovative since it not only analyzes the effect of economic growth and academic achievement on social mobility, but also provides an empirical method that investigates the effect of growth and academic achievement on inequality of opportunities for socioeconomic advancement. The results indicate the existence of irrational mobility barriers based on criteria over which the individual has no control.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[movilidad socioeconómica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[movilidad social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[crecimiento económico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[logro escolar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desigualdad de oportunidades]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[D31]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[D63]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[J62]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[J15]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[I24]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[I26]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[O47]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[socioeconomic mobility]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social mobility]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[economic growth]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[school achievement]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[inequality of opportunities]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[D31]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[D63]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[J62]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[J15]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[I24]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[I26]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[O47]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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