<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2395-8669</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Nóesis. Revista de ciencias sociales]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Nóesis, Rev. cienc. soc.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2395-8669</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Instituto de Ciencias Sociales y Administración]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2395-86692023000100004</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20983/noesis.2023.1.4</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Desarrollo económico, inversión en transporte y urbanización en México: causalidad y efectos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Economic development, transport investment, and urbanization in Mexico: causality and effects]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[German-Soto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vicente]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de la Peña Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alexsandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Bermúdez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>63</numero>
<fpage>67</fpage>
<lpage>88</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2395-86692023000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2395-86692023000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2395-86692023000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La inversión en transporte se usa a menudo como herramienta de urbanización y desarrollo económico. Sin embargo, aún se debate si las mejoras en transporte promocionan el desarrollo y la urbanización o, por el contrario, éstas últimas crean las condiciones que impulsan el transporte. En teoría, el sistema de transporte contribuye al desarrollo y urbanización porque agiliza el intercambio de bienes y servicios, pero los efectos también podrían ser a la inversa, por lo que la dirección de causalidad no se identifica tan fácilmente. Este trabajo se basa en información estatal de México agrupada en panel para conocer la magnitud y dirección de los impactos durante 1988-2018. La metodología consiste en pruebas de cointegración y regresiones VECM. Los resultados revelan que la causalidad de largo plazo va de desarrollo económico a transporte y sus subsectores, lo que significa que en México el desarrollo económico es una condición necesaria para modernizar el transporte. Con urbanización, la causalidad y magnitud de los efectos varían dependiendo del subsector de transporte. Las inversiones en la economía total y el sector pasajeros causan urbanización, pero transporte total y los subsectores de carga y comunicaciones estiman causalidad bidireccional. Se concluye que la urbanización depende de las mejoras en transporte y este, a su vez, del desarrollo económico.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The transport investment is often used as a tool for economic development and urbanization. However, there is still debate about whether transport improvements promote development and urbanization or, conversely, these latter create the conditions that stimulate the transport. In theory, the transport system contributes to development and urbanization because it speeds up the exchange of goods and services, but the effects can also be reversed, so the direction of causality is not so easily identified. This work uses Mexican state information of the 1988-2018 period, grouped as panel, to know both magnitude and direction of the impacts. Methodology consists in cointegration tests and VECM regressions. The results reveal that long-term causality goes from economic development to transport and its subsectors, which means that economic development is a necessary condition to modernize transport in Mexico. For urbanization, the causality and magnitude of the effects vary depending on the transport subsector. The total economy and passenger sector&#8217;s investments cause urbanization, but transportation and subsectors of cargo carriers and communications estimate two-way causality. The conclusions suggest that urbanization depends on improvements in transportation and the latter, in turn, on economic development.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Desarrollo económico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Causalidad de Granger]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Modelos VECM]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Productividad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Economía urbana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Economic development]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Granger-Causality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[VECM Models]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Productivity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Urban Economics]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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