<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-5057</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigación en educación médica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Investigación educ. médica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-5057</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-50572024000300109</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/fm.20075057e.2024.51.24589</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[¿Cómo incluir a la bioética en las carreras de medicina con currículas innovadoras?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[How to include bioethics in medical careers with innovative curricula?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paola]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silberman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional del Sur Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional del Sur Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>51</numero>
<fpage>109</fpage>
<lpage>116</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-50572024000300109&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-50572024000300109&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-50572024000300109&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En las llamadas currículas innovadoras, el recorrido pedagógico de la formación médica está ordenado en función de competencias que el/la egresado/a deberá alcanzar una vez culminada su carrera de grado. Se encuentran 6 competencias definidas por el Consejo de Acreditación para la Educación Médica (ACGME) y consensuadas en diferentes regiones de América y Europa. La bioética, como cuerpo de conocimiento y prácticas, está presente en una de las competencias -Profesionalismo- donde aparece de manera enunciativa, sin un desarrollo que permita orientar los procesos pedagógicos y objetivar conductas y habilidades asociadas. Hay 5 aspectos fundamentales del corpus disciplinar bioético que deben ser incorporados en el marco de la formación médica: i) ética profesional, ii) autonomía y toma de decisiones informadas, iii) justicia y uso racional de recursos, iv) ética clínica, y v) ética de la investigación. Es necesario que durante la formación de grado se incorpore de manera práctica la bioética en todas las competencias profesionales, con especificidad de contenido, espacios de aplicación y evaluación, elementos indispensables para desarrollar en un currículo. Las posibles consecuencias de la deficiente formación bioética en las carreras de medicina tienen que ver con la deshumanización y la despersonalización de pacientes, la violación de la confidencialidad de datos de la historia clínica o de la intimidad de la persona, la nula participación de los pacientes en la toma de decisiones, entre otras. En este artículo desarrollamos la dimensión bioética como parte de las competencias profesionales de manera exhaustiva, en íntima relación con la práctica clínica, de manera que pueda evidenciarse su desarrollo y que permita su evaluación en contexto.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In the so-called innovative curricula, the pedagogical path of medical education is organized according to the competencies that the graduate must achieve at the end of the medical degree. There are 6 competencies defined by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and agreed in different regions of America and Europe. Bioethics, as a body of knowledge and practices, is present in one of the competencies -professionalism- where it appears in an enunciative way, without a development that allows guiding pedagogical processes and objectifying related behaviors and skills. There are 4 fundamental aspects of the bioethical disciplinary corpus that must be incorporated into the framework of the medical degree: i) professional ethics, ii) autonomy and informed decision making, iii) equity and rational use of resources, and iv) clinical ethics. Bioethics must be practically integrated into all professional competencies, with specific content, application and evaluation spaces being essential elements to be developed in a curriculum. The possible consequences of inadequate bioethical training in the medical education are related to the dehumanization and depersonalization of patients, the violation of the confidentiality or intimacy, the lack of patient participation in decision-making, among others. In this article, we develop the bioethical dimension as part of the competencies in a comprehensive manner, in close relation to clinical practice, so that its development can be demonstrated and evaluated in context.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bioética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[educación médica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[educación basada en competencias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[relación médico-paciente]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ética médica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bioethics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Medical education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Competency-based education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Doctor-patient relationship]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Medical ethics]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Guerra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinto Contreras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La bioética en la medicina actual: una necesidad en la formación profesional]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Médica Electrónica]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>456-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eckles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meslin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaffney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Helft]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Medical ethics education: where are we? Where should we be going? A review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acad Med]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1143-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cubas Benavides]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León Jimenez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ñique Carbajal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Educar en Bioética: Retos para el profesor universitario de ciencias de la salud]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Médica Herediana]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velázquez Aviña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pulido Cejudo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruíz Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hurtado López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Medición del conocimiento de bioética en residentes y médicos de base de cirugía general del Hospital General de México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cir. Gen.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>248-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vera Carrasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oscar]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La Enseñanza de la Ética y Bioética en las Facultades de Medicina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Méd. La Paz]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>52-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trainini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Humanización en la práctica médica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educación Médica]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>65-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doukas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCullough]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wear]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lehmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nixon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shapiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Green]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Project to Rebalance and Integrate Medical Education (PRIME) Investigators. The challenge of promoting professionalism through medical ethics and humanities education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acad Med]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1624-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brailovsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Educación Médica, evaluación de las competencias]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aportes para un cambio curricular en Argentina]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OPS]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frank]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Snell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holmboe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ES]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carraccio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Swing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glasgow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campbell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iobst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Long]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mungroo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richardson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sherbino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Talbot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Competency-based medical education: theory to practice]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Teach]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>638-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hager]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonczi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What is competence?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medical Teacher]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>15-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varela Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El debate en torno al concepto de competencias]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Investigación en Educación Médica]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>13</numero>
<issue>13</issue>
<page-range>36-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Acreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Acreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Couceiro-Vidal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enseñanza de la bioética y planes de estudios basados en competencias]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educ. méd.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>69-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gorman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Matching the production of doctors with national needs]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Educ.]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>103-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varela Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El debate en torno al concepto de competencias]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Investigación en Educación Médica]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>13</numero>
<issue>13</issue>
<page-range>36-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López Bidart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Couste]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Badr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Formación médica contrahegemónica: el desafío de consolidar estrategias pedagógicas instituyentes en una universidad pública argentina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Salud, Educacion y Sociedad]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silberman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Manual de seguimiento clínico-familiar]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>1-188</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bahía Blanca ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[EDIUNS]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silberman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Propuesta curricular en medicina para la adquisición de competencias en el seguimiento longitudinal de los pacientes y sus familias]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Educ Cienc Salud]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>167-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diaz Barriga Arceo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Desarrollo del currículo e innovación: Modelos e investigación en los noventa]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Perfiles educativos]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>107</numero>
<issue>107</issue>
<page-range>57-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vera Carrasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oscar]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La Enseñanza de la Ética y Bioética en las Facultades de Medicina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Méd. La Paz]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>52-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bariani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinheiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Altisent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Blasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Una nueva metodología docente en bioética: experiencias con la aplicación el portafolio a estudiantes de medicina en Brasil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Persona y bioética]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras Michel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación del aprendizaje en la educación médica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Fac Med]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>42-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lifshitz-Guinzberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trejo-Mejía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torruco-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fortoul-van der Goes]]></surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación diagnóstica y formativa de competencias en estudiantes de medicina a su ingreso al internado médico de pregrado]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gac Med Mex]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>153</volume>
<page-range>6-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Champin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación por competencias en la educación médica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>566-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hershberger del Arenal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acosta Arreguín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación por competencias: ¿cómo se hace?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>46-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moran Barrios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La evaluación del desempeño o de las competencias en la práctica clínica. 2.a parte: tipos de formularios, diseño, errores en su uso, principios y planificación de la evaluación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educ Med]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>2-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Driessen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Tartwijk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vermunt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van der Vleuten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of portfolios in early undergraduate medical training]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Teach]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>18-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Driessen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Tartwijk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Overeem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vermunt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van der Vleuten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conditions for successful reflective use of portfolios in undergraduate medical education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Educ]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1230-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
