<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-5057</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigación en educación médica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Investigación educ. médica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-5057</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-50572018000200035</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.riem.2017.04.004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Percepción de maltrato durante la residencia médica en México: medición y análisis bioético]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Perception of mistreatment during medical residency in Mexico: evaluation and bioethical analysis]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Derive]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stéphanie]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casas Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. de la Luz]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Obrador Vera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gregorio T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonio R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Panamericana Centro Interdisciplinario de Bioética ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Panamericana Escuela de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>26</numero>
<fpage>35</fpage>
<lpage>44</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-50572018000200035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-50572018000200035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-50572018000200035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Introducción:  Entre los múltiples retos que enfrenta un residente se encuentran las relaciones intrahospitalarias. En estas relaciones se han identificado maltratos hacia el residente que interfieren con su aprendizaje. Sin embargo, se conoce poco sobre este fenómeno en México.  Objetivo:  Medir la percepción de diferentes tipos de maltrato en residentes y hacer un análisis bioético de los resultados.  Método:  Se aplicó una encuesta electrónica de 107 preguntas a residentes del Estado de México para medir la percepción de maltratos psicológicos, físicos, académicos y sexuales. Se preguntó sobre quiénes ejercían los maltratos y sus consecuencias. El análisis estadístico incluyó la descripción de maltrato y sus tipos específicos, así como la frecuencia de variables sociodemográficas. Se realizó regresión logística para estimar la probabilidad de maltrato en función de variables de riesgo.  Resultados:  Se obtuvieron 143 respuestas (tasa de respuesta: 8.2%), 84% de los residentes refirió haber sufrido maltratos, siendo el más frecuente el psicológico (humillaciones en el 78%), seguido por el académico (guardias de castigo en 50% y negación de la enseñanza en 40%) y por el físico (16% recibieron golpes, 35% fueron privados de alimentación y 21% de ir al baño durante sus guardias, como castigo). Además 21% fue presionado a consumir alcohol contra su voluntad. Los maltratos psicológicos y físicos fueron más frecuentes en especialidades quirúrgicas que médicas. Como consecuencia de los maltratos, el 89% de los residentes reportaron burnout, 71% depresión, 78% ansiedad y 58% mala atención a sus pacientes. Los principales responsables de los maltratos fueron residentes de jerarquía superior y médicos de base.  Conclusiones:  Los maltratos durante la residencia son muy frecuentes y afectan los derechos humanos y la dignidad de los residentes. También reducen la capacidad de aprendizaje y la eficiencia de la educación médica de especialidad, en un país con alta demanda de atención de salud que requiere optimizar recursos económicos y humanos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Introduction:  Multiple interpersonal interactions are one of the many challenges faced by medical residents. Mistreatment towards residents has been shown to interfere with their training. However, there are few data about this phenomenon in Mexico.  Objective:  To evaluate the perception of different types of mistreatment among medical residents and to make a bioethical analysis of the results.  Method:  An electronic, 107-question survey was sent to medical residents of the Mexico State to assess their perception about psychological, physical, academic mistreatment, and sexual abuse. Attempts were also made to identify the person responsible for the mistreatment and its consequences. Analyses included descriptive statistics of mistreatment and its types, as well as sociodemographic data of participants. Logistic regression was used to assess risk factors for mistreatment.  Results:  A total of 143 responses were obtained (8.2% response rate), with 84% of the residents reported having suffered mistreatment. The most frequent type was psychological (humiliation 78%), followed by academic (50% staying on call as a punishment and denial of education in 40%), and physical abuse (16% were beaten, 35% were deprived of food, and 21% were not allowed to go to the bathroom while being on call, as punishment). Also, 21% were pressured to consume alcohol against their will. Psychological and physical mistreatment were more frequent in surgical than medical specialties. As a result of mistreatment, 89% of residents reported burnout, 71% depression, 78% anxiety, and 58% sub-optimal patient care. The main perpetrators of the mistreatment were senior residents and attending physicians.  Conclusions:  Abuse during residency is very frequent and affects the human rights and dignity of residents. It also reduces the learning capacity and efficiency of specialty training, in a country with a high demand for health care that requires optimisation of economic and human resources.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Maltrato]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Residencias médicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Abusos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Depresión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mistreatment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Medical residency]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Abuse]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Depression]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baldwin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daugherty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eckenfels]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Student perception of mistreatment and harassment during medical school. A survey in ten United States schools]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[West J Med.]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>155</volume>
<page-range>140-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Komarony]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bindman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haben]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sande]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sexual harassment in medical training]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med.]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>328</volume>
<page-range>322-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McNamara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whitley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanders]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrew]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The extent and effects of abuse and harassment on emergency medicine residents]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acad. Emerg. Med.]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>293-301</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cowan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Resident experience of abuse and harassment in emergency medicine: ten years later]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Emerg Med.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<page-range>248-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fried]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vermillion]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uijtdehaage]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Eradicating medical student mistreatment: a longitudinal study of one institution&#8217;s efforts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acad Med.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>87</volume>
<page-range>1191-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Residents&#8217; experiences of abuse, discrimination and sexual harassment during residency training]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CMAJ]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>154</volume>
<page-range>1657-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagata-Kobayashi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maeno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yoshizu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shimbo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Universal problems during residency: abuse and harassment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medical Education]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>628-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mejía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lasala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Percepción de maltrato durante la capacitación de médicos residentes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medicina]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<page-range>295-301</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bastias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fasce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schaufele]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bullying y acoso en la formación médica de posgrado]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Educ. Cienc. Salud]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>45-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richardson-López Collada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Y a nuestros residentes ¿quién los cuida?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bol. Med. Hosp. Infant. Mex.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>63</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera-Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Treviño-Moore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acosta-Corona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Características de la violencia en residentes de dos instituciones formadoras de pediatras en el estado de Sonora]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bol Med Hosp Infant. Mex.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>18-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortíz-León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaimes-Medrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tafoya-Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mujíca-Amaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olmedo-Canchola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrasco-Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experiencias de maltrato y hostigamiento en médicos residentes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cir Cir.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<page-range>290-301</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrillo-Esper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bullying durante el pre y posgrado de la formación médica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Invest Med Sur Mex]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>172-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chávez-Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos-Lira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abreu-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Una revisión sistemática del maltrato en el estudiante de medicina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gac Med Mex]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>152</volume>
<page-range>796-811</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Cámara de Diputados</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Ley Federal de protección de datos personales en posesión de los particulares]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crutcher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szafran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woloschuk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chatur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hansen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Family medicine graduates&#8217; perceptions of intimidation, harassment and discrimination during residency training]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Medical Education]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales-Carmona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Bravo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La supervisión como detonador de estrés en la práctica médica: Recomendaciones para su manejo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Perinatol Reprod Hum]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>187-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fnais]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soobiah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lillie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perrier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tas-hkhandi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Harassment and discrimination in medical training: a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acad Med.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<page-range>817-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glicken]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Medical student abuse. Incidence, severity, and significance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>263</volume>
<page-range>527-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pappas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gouva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gourgoulianis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hatzoglou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kotrotsiou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Psychological profile of Greek doctors: Differences among five specialties]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psychol Health Med]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>439-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Secretaría de Salud</collab>
<collab>Estados Unidos Mexicanos</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-001-SSA3-2012]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México, Distrito Federal ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Comisión Nacional de Arbitraje Médico</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Carta de los Derechos Generales de los Médicos]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abreu-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cid-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera-Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lara-Vélez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laviada-Delgadillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Arroyo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Perfil por competencias del médico general mexicano 2008]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Mexicana de Facultades y Escuelas de Medicina, A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Consejo]]></surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chapela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viesca Treviño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ética y poder: formación de residentes e internos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Med IMSS]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>1-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sheehan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[E-mail Survey response rates: A Review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JCMC]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<page-range>6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortés Barré]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La letra con sangre entra: el maltrato en la formación médica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Universitas Medica]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<page-range>43-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hazlett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kilminster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prince]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Strategic Planning in medical education: enhancing the learning environment for students in clinical settings]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Educ.]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>841-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brooks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moriarty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Development of a practice learning team in the clinical setting]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nursing Standard]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>41-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[West]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Teaching in the clinical setting]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psychiatry]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<page-range>218-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>CONBIOETICA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Guía nacional para la integración y el funcionamiento de los Comités Hospitalarios de Bioética]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<edition>Cuarta</edition>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
