<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-4964</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Intersticios sociales]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Intersticios sociales]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-4964</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de Jalisco A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-49642018000100273</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Significaciones y rituales de élites subnacionales]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The meanings and rituals of sub-national elites]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarrete Ulloa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,El Colegio de Jalisco  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>15</numero>
<fpage>273</fpage>
<lpage>308</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-49642018000100273&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-49642018000100273&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-49642018000100273&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En su acción política, el líder político debe resolver dilemas: como representante popular está limitado por el estado de derecho, pero como político profesional se ocupa de lo que considera permitirá la continuidad de su carrera política. Lo anterior es el escenario de actuación del político. El ámbito de lo informal es quizás de mayor complejidad y, sin embargo, se pueden identificar patrones, rutinas o rituales que permiten hablar de esa institucionalidad informal. Aquí nos aproximamos a los mapas cognitivos de las élites invitándolos a reflexionar sobre los procesos en los cuales se instituyen rutinas informales. Los legisladores tienen identificados con claridad los momentos en los que se determina la distribución de recursos de poder. La cuestión es cómo se posicionan respecto a esos momentos, cómo los conceptualizan y qué significaciones elaboran para interpretar su ámbito de acción.  La investigación de los casos de San Luis Potosí y Jalisco refuerza la caracterización de la &#8220;corrupción competitiva&#8221; elaborada por Ugalde. Sin embargo, se ha intentado comprender la significación que hacen los legisladores de su actuar y el de sus homólogos como agentes del proceso político. Se presenta un complejo de dilemas frente a los que los diputados se ven expuestos en el proceso político. El estudio arroja que las formas como resuelven los dilemas son múltiples, variadas y sugieren que existe una base endeble de convicciones y valores democráticos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract During political action, political leaders must resolve dilemmas; for example, as popular representatives they are limited by the rule of law, but as professional politicians they must also ponder what means will best enable them to continue their political careers. This is what marks the sphere of political action. While the scope of the informal aspect is perhaps more complex, we can, perhaps, identify patterns, routines or rituals that will allow us to speak of informal institutions. This article adopts the approach of examining the cognitive maps of elites by inviting their members to reflect on the processes through which informal routines are instituted. Legislators clearly identify the moments at which the distribution of power resources is determined; but the questions of greater weight are how they take positions in those moments, how they conceptualize them, and what meanings they elaborate to interpret their scope of action. Research on the cases of San Luis Potosi and Jalisco reinforces the characterization of &#8220;competitive corruption&#8221; developed by Ugalde. Attempts have been made to understand the meanings that legislators attribute to both their own acts and those of their counterparts as agents of the political process. Here, we discuss a complex of dilemmas that congressmen confront in the political process. The study shows that the means through which they resolve these dilemmas are many and varied, and then suggests that they reveal a weak base of convictions and democratic values.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[élites subnacionales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[instituciones informales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Jalisco]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[San Luis Potosí]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[congresos locales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sub-national elites]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[informal institutions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Jalisco]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[San Luis Potosí]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[local legislatures]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ai Camp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roderic]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las élites del poder en México. Perfil de una élite de poder para el Siglo XXI]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México, D.F. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo XXI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ai Camp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roderic]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Visiones ciudadanas de la democracia en América Latina]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo XXI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adler Lomnitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Larissa]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigo Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elena]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ilya]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Simbolismo y ritual en la política mexicana]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNAM, Siglo XXI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almond]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sidney]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations]]></source>
<year>1963</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Princeton, NJ ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almond]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El estudio de la cultura política]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almond]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Una disciplina segmentada. Escuelas y corrientes en las Ciencias Políticas]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FCE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Peter]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luckmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thomas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La construcción social de la realidad]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Amorrortu]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bevir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mark]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interpretive Theory]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bevir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mark]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The SAGE Handbook of Governance]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SAGE Publications]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Higley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The study of political elite transformations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Review of Sociology]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>181-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La religión y el debate político en El Ecuador]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín Élites Parlamentarias Latinoamericanas]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castoriadis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cornelius]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La institución imaginaria de la sociedad]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Tusquest]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cosío Villegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El sistema político mexicano. Las posibilidades de cambio]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Joaquín Mortiz]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diamond]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Larry]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Introduction: Political Culture and Democracy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Political Culture and democracy in developing countries]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boulder ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Lynne Rienner Publishers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geddes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Barbara]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Politician&#8217;s Dilemma: Building State Capacity in Latin America]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berkeley ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of California Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geertz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Clifford]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La interpretación de las culturas]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gedisa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harvey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[William S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Strategies for conducting elite interviews]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Qualitative Research]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>431-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Destinan 113.4 mdp a prebendas legislativas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[San Luis Hoy]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Higley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pakulski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Elite and leadership change in liberal democracies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comparative Sociology]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>1/2</numero>
<issue>1/2</issue>
<page-range>6-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[James A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gubrium]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaber F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Handbook of constructionist research]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The Guilford Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inglehart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ronald]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Expert interpretations of party space and party locations in 42 societies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Party Politics]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>73-111</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inglehart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ronald]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pippa]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Trump, Brexit, and the Rise of Populism: Economic Have-Nots and Cultural Backlash]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Annual meeting of the American Political Science Association]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Philadelphia </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kvale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Steinar]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las entrevistas en Investigación Cualitativa]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Morata]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lane Bennett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Perception and Cognition. An information-Processing framework for politics]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Long]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Samuel L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The handbook of political behavior]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Plenum Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[March]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[James G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Johan P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in Political Life]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The American Political Science Review]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>734-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morlino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leonardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las democracias]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pasquino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gianfranco]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Manual de ciencia política]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alianza Editorial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moyser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[George]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Elite Interviewing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Book Elite Interviewing]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[City ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SAGE Publications]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarrete U.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dolores Bautista]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Caciquismo en Atlapexco, municipio de la Huasteca Hidalguense]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de El Colegio de San Luis]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>12-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarrete Ulloa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Integración de organismos electorales a nivel subnacional: Redes de poder y colonización de organismos públicos autónomos]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cazarín Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Angélica]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ávila Eggleton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcela]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peña Mena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo de la]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Integridad y equidad electoral en América Latina]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Estudios Electorales, A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarrete Ulloa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Institucionalismo Informal: tras las huellas de un discurso institucionalista informal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Perfiles Latinoamericanos]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>47</numero>
<issue>47</issue>
<page-range>283-306</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pippa]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inglehart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ronald]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sacred and Secular. Religion and Politics Worldwide]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[North]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Douglass C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Instituciones, cambio institucional y desempeño económico]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Donnell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guillermo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ilusiones sobre la consolidación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nueva sociedad]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>144</volume>
<page-range>70-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oszlak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oscar]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reflexiones sobre la formación del Estado y la construcción de la sociedad argentina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Desarrollo Económico]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>84</numero>
<issue>84</issue>
<page-range>531-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panebianco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Angelo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Modelos de partido: Organización y poder en los partidos políticos]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alianza Editorial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richards]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Elite Interviewing: Approaches and Pitfalls]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Politics]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>199-204</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hertz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosanna]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Imber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jonathan B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Studying elites using qualitative methods]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sage]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leticia M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Montero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mercedes]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Coherencia partidista en las élites parlamentarias latinoamericanas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Española de Ciencia Política]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>71-102</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sartori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Giovanni]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Partidos y sistemas de partidos, Ciencias Sociales]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alianza Editorial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ugalde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La negociación política del presupuesto en México 1997-2012. El impacto sobre la composición y ejecución del gasto público]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Integralia, Senado de la República, SITESA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ugalde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Por qué más democracia significa más corrupción?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nexos]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Entrevistas cualitativas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuadernos Metodológicos]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<edition>2a</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zechmeister]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elizabeth]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Qué es la izquierda y quién está a la derecha en la política mexicana. Un enfoque con el método Q al estudio de las etiquetas ideológicas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Política y gobierno]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>XIII</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>51-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
