<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-4298</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Botanical Sciences]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bot. sci]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-4298</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Botánica de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-42982025000300808</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17129/botsci.3708</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Extendiendo las redes, una especie nueva de Dictyanthus (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae) para México]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado-Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leonardo Osvaldo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de Biología Comparada]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>103</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>808</fpage>
<lpage>818</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-42982025000300808&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-42982025000300808&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-42982025000300808&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Antecedentes: Dictyanthus es un género de Gonolobinae con 19 especies distribuidas desde México hasta Nicaragua. El trabajo de revisión de Apocynaceae de Guerrero ubicó unas plantas que no se ajustaban a la descripción de las especies aceptadas del género.  Preguntas:  ¿Pertenecen los especímenes del Estado de México, Guerrero y Morelos a una nueva especie? ¿Cómo se distingue de Dictyanthus reticulatus?  Especie estudiada: Dictyanthus sophiae.  Sitio y fechas de estudio:  Estado de México, Guerrero, Morelos, 2025.  Métodos:  Se estudiaron los especímenes de herbario para realizar la descripción morfológica y se comparó con taxones similares. Se evaluó el estado de conservación del nuevo taxón, siguiendo los criterios de la Lista Roja de la UICN. Se realizó una actualización de la descripción para D. reticulatus, así como un mapa de distribución de los taxones tratados.  Resultados: Dictyanthus sophiae se propone como nueva especie por su corola con reticulación pardo verdosa a parda, un ginostegio y corona ginostegial rosada. Por el momento, el nuevo taxón está categorizado como En peligro (En).  Conclusiones:  Con esta nueva especie, Dictyanthus alcanza las 20 especies y se incrementa a 19 las especies del género para México.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background: Dictyanthus is a genus of Gonolobinae with 19 species distributed from Mexico to Nicaragua. The Apocynaceae revision from Guerrero located plants that did not fit the accepted species description of the genus.  Questions: Do the specimens from the State of Mexico, Guerrero and Morelos belong to a new species? How is it distinguished from Dictyanthus reticulatus?  Species studied: Dictyanthus sophiae.  Site and dates of study:  State of Mexico, Guerrero, Morelos, 2025.  Methods: Herbarium specimens were studied for morphological description and compared with similar taxa. The conservation status of the new taxon was evaluated, following the IUCN Red List criteria. An update of the description for D. reticulatus was made, as well as a distribution map of the taxa treated.  Results: Dictyanthus sophiae is proposed as a new species because of its reticulate greenish-brown to brown corolla, a gynostegium and pink gynostegial corona. For the time being, the new taxon is categorized as Endangered (En).  Conclusions: With this new species, Dictyanthus reaches 20 species and increases to 19 the species of the genus for Mexico.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[concepto cohesivo de especie]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[endemismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Gonolobinae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Matelea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sierra Madre del Sur]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cohesive species concept]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[endemism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gonolobinae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Matelea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sierra Madre del Sur]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado-Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A remarkable new species of Dictyanthus (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Asclepiadeae, Gonolobinae) restricted to Jalisco, México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phytotaxa]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>558</volume>
<page-range>178-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado-Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lozada-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Islas-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maya-Mandujano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chávez-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Apocináceas de ayer y hoy. Conocimiento histórico y reevaluación de la diversidad y distribución de Apocynaceae en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Botanical Sciences]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>98</volume>
<page-range>393-416</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bachman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de la Torre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: Geospatial Conservation Assessment Tool]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ZooKeys]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>150</volume>
<page-range>117-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Decaisne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Asclepiadaceae]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Candolle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis]]></source>
<year>1844</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>490-665</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Paris, France ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Endress]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meve]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Middleton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liede-Schumann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Apocynaceae]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kadereit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bittrich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Flowering Plants. Eudicots, The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>207-411</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer International Publishing AG]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fitzhugh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The inferential basis of species hypotheses: the solution to defining the term &#8216;species&#8217;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Ecology]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>155-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fitzhugh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Defining &#8216;species&#8217;,&#8216;biodiversity&#8217;, and &#8216;conservation&#8217; by their transitive relations]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pavlinov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IY]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Species Problem-Ongoing Problems]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>93-130</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[InTech]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lozada-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado-Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LO]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dictyanthus stevensii (Apocynaceae; Asclepiadoideae; Gonolobinae), a new species from Chimalapas region, Oaxaca, Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phytotaxa]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>394</volume>
<page-range>79-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hennig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Phylogenetic systematics]]></source>
<year>1966</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Urbana ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Illinois Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>International Union for Conservation of Nature</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Directrices de uso de las Categorías y Criterios de la Lista Roja de la UICN]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lozada-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perez-Garcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MDLL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Ambriz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dictyanthus reflexiflorus (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) a new species from Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phytotaxa]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>682</volume>
<page-range>199-213</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McDonnell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fishbein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multilocus Phylogenetics of New World Milkweed Vines (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Gonolobinae)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Systematic Botany]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>77-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morrone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biogeographic regionalization of the Sierra Madre del Sur province, Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<page-range>710-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rzedowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón de Rzedowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Datos para la apreciación de la flora fanerogámica del bosque tropical caducifolio de México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Botanica Mexicana]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>102</volume>
<page-range>1-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stevens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Notes on the genus Matelea (Apocynaceae s. l.)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phytologia]]></source>
<year>1975</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>387-406</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stevens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A synopsis of Matelea subg. Dictyanthus (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<page-range>1533-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stevens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[New and interesting milkweeds (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Novon]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>242-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stevens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Apocynaceae]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davidse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knapp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Flora Mesoamericana, Cucurbitaceae a Polemoniaceae]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>662-768</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Templeton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The meaning of species and speciation: A genetic perspective]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Otte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Endler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Speciation and its Consequences]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<page-range>3-27</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Massachusetts, US ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sinauer Associates]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thiers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New York Botanical Garden&#8217;s Virtual Herbarium]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</collab>
<source><![CDATA[IBdata, Base de Datos de las Colecciones Biológicas Nacionales]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNAM, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woodson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The North American Asclepiadaceae I. Perspective of the genera]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden]]></source>
<year>1941</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>193-244</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
