<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-4298</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Botanical Sciences]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bot. sci]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-4298</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Botánica de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-42982019000200211</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17129/botsci.2094</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Ruptura de la latencia física y germinación de semillas de Chiranthodendron pentadactylon (Malvaceae)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Rupture of physical dormancy and seed germination of Chiranthodendron pentadactylon (Malvaceae)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Apodaca-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maribel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cetina-Alcalá]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Víctor Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jasso-Mata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel Ángel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Rosas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Héctor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uscanga-Mortera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ebandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Esteva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colegio de Postgraduados  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Texcoco Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colegio de Postgraduados  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Texcoco Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colegio de Postgraduados  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Texcoco Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>97</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>211</fpage>
<lpage>217</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-42982019000200211&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-42982019000200211&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-42982019000200211&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Antecedentes:  Los problemas para propagar C. pentadactylon por semilla se deben a su poca disponibilidad, bajo porcentaje de germinación, plagas y periodo juvenil mayor a 25 años.  Hipótesis:  Existe variación morfofisiológica de la semilla entre árboles y los tratamientos pregerminativos incrementan el porcentaje y la velocidad de germinación en semillas con seis meses de almacenamiento a temperatura ambiente.  Especie en estudio: Chiranthodendron pentadactylon Larreat.  Sitio de estudio y fechas:  Postgrado en Ciencias Forestales, Campus Montecillo, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, Estado de México, Méx. Junio, 2016.  Métodos:  Se determinó el contenido de humedad, la viabilidad y el efecto de tratamientos pregerminativos en el porcentaje y velocidad de germinación de las semillas. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar. Los bloques al azar con los tratamientos: 1 (escarificación mecánica + estratificación en frío a 5 °C durante 5 días), 2 (escarificación mecánica + imbibición durante 12 h), 3 (escarificación mecánica + corte en la base de la semilla) y 4 (testigo). Los tratamientos se aleatorizaron dentro de cada bloque.  Resultados:  El contenido de humedad fue menor a 10 % y la viabilidad de 100 %. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la germinación entre tratamientos. La prueba de Tukey (&#945; = 0.05) mostró diferencias entre los tratamientos pregerminativos 1, 2 y 3 con respecto al T4. La velocidad de germinación registró el mayor valor en el tratamiento 3.  Conclusiones:  Con los tratamientos 1, 2 o 3 se obtuvo más de 77 % de germinación. El tratamiento 3 mostró mayor velocidad de germinación, lo que resulta importante en la producción de plántulas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Background:  The low availability, low percentage of germination, pests, and juvenile period higher than 25 years, are the problems to propagate C. pentadactylon by seed.  Hypothesis:  There is morphophysiological variation of the seeds between trees and the pregerminative treatments increase the percentage and speed of germination in seeds with six months of storage at room temperature.  Species studied: Chiranthodendron pentadactylon Larreat.  Study site and year of study:  Postgrado en Ciencias Forestales, Campus Montecillo, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, Estado de Mexico, Mex. June, 2016  Methods:  The moisture content, the viability and the effect of pregerminative treatments on the percentage and speed of germination of the seeds were determined. A randomized block design was used. The random blocks included the treatments: 1 (mechanical scarification + cold stratification at 5 °C for 5 days), 2 (mechanical scarification + imbibition for 12 h), 3 (mechanical scarification + cut at the base of the seed) and 4 (control). The treatments were randomized within each block.  Results:  The moisture content was less than 10 % and the viability was 100 %. Significant differences between treatments were found for germination percent. The Tukey test (&#945; = 0.05) showed differences between pregerminative treatments 1, 2 and 3 with respect to T4. Germination speed recorded the highest value in treatment 3.  Conclusions:  With treatments 1, 2 or 3 more than 77 % of germination was obtained. Treatment 3 showed the highest germination speed, which is important for seedling production.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Escarificación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[macpalxochitl]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[velocidad de germinación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Germination speed]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[macpalxochitl]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[scarification]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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