<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-4298</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Botanical Sciences]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bot. sci]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-4298</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Botánica de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-42982017000300401</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17129/botsci.904</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Population size, sex-ratio and sexual dimorphism in Fuchsia parviflora (Onagraceae) an endemic dioecious shrub]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuevas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Ángeles]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sevillano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lucero]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Facultad de Biología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Morelia Michoacán]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>95</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>401</fpage>
<lpage>408</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-42982017000300401&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-42982017000300401&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-42982017000300401&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Background:  In small dioecious populations stochastic events may increase biased sex ratios decreasing the viability of populations. Moreover, pollinators may promote pollen limitation if sexual dimorphism related to pollinator attraction, such as flower size and number of flowers are present.  Questions:  1) In order to estimate the viability of natural populations of Fuchsia parviflora, population size, sex ratio and fruit production were estimated in natural populations. In addition, number of flowers and floral traits were compared between genders as a way to predict pollinator preferences to particular gender.  Studied species: Fuchsia parviflora is an endemic Mexican dioecious, animal-pollinated shrub.  Methods:  In 2012 and 2013 population sizes and sex ratios were estimated in 12 populations in the states of Michoacan and Jalisco. In addition, the number of flowers and floral traits were estimated between genders.  Results:  Population sizes varied widely from 14 to 550 individuals and an overall significant male- bias was found. Male frequency varied from 50 to 78 % among populations and some male-biased populations were also the small populations. A significant negative correlation between population size and male frequency was found, but no relationship was found between population size and number of flowers or fruit production. Reproductive plant height varied among populations but not between genders within populations. Male plants had larger number of flowers but floral longevity did not differ between genders. Consistently in all evaluated populations, staminate flowers had longer floral tubes and wider corolla diameter than pistillate flowers.  Conclusions:  In accordance to stochastic sex ratio fluctuations by small population sizes, it was expected to find populations with male and female-biased sex ratios. However, the absence of female-biased sex ratio suggests that male plants may have a higher survival chance but this hypothesis has to be tested. Although populations seem not to be seed-limited, some populations were cut during this study to plant avocado trees, suggesting the need to implement conservation efforts to preserve populations of F. parviflora.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Antecedentes:  En poblaciones dioicas pequeñas, eventos estocásticos pueden incrementar los sesgos en las proporciones sexuales lo que puede afectar la viabilidad de las poblaciones. Además, los polinizadores pueden promover la limitación de polen si existe un fuerte dimorfismo sexual en el tamaño y número de flores.  Preguntas:  Con la finalidad de estimar la viabilidad de las poblaciones de Fuchsia parviflora se estimaron los tamaños poblacionales, las proporciones sexuales y la producción de frutos en poblaciones naturales. Además, se comparó el despliegue floral y los caracteres florales entre géneros como una forma de predecir posibles sesgos de los polinizadores hacia algún género en particular.  Especie de estudio: Fuchsia parviflora es un arbusto dioico de polinización biótica, endémico de México. Métodos: Durante 2012 y 2013 se estimaron las proporciones sexuales y los tamaños poblacionales en 12 poblaciones del estado de Michoacán y Jalisco. Además, se comparó el despliegue floral y los caracteres florales entre géneros.  Resultados:  Las poblaciones variaron entre 14 y 550 individuos y se encontró un ligero sesgo significativo hacia machos en general. La frecuencia de machos entre poblaciones varió entre 50 y 78 % y algunos sesgos a machos se dieron en poblaciones pequeñas. Se encontró una correlación negativa, entre tamaño de la población y frecuencia de machos, pero no entre tamaño de población y despliegue floral o el tamaño poblacional y producción de frutos. La altura de plantas reproductivas varió entre poblaciones, pero no entre sexos dentro de poblaciones. Las plantas masculinas presentaron un despliegue floral mayor, pero la longevidad de flores no difirió entre sexos. En todas las poblaciones evaluadas, las flores masculinas fueron más grandes que las femeninas.  Conclusiones:  De acuerdo a las variaciones estocásticas en las proporciones sexuales en poblaciones pequeñas, se esperaba encontrar sesgos hacia machos y hembras. La ausencia de sesgos a hembras sugiere que los machos pueden tener una mayor probabilidad de supervivencia, pero esta hipótesis tiene que ser probada. Aunque las poblaciones no parecen estar limitadas en la producción de frutos, algunas poblaciones fueron cortadas durante el desarrollo de este estudio para plantar árboles de aguacate, lo que sugiere la necesidad de proponer esfuerzos de conservación para preservar las poblaciones de F. parviflora.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biotic pollination]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dioecy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[floral dimorphism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[population size]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[polinización biótica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[dioecia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[dimorfismo floral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tamaño de población]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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