<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-4085</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de urología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. urol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-4085</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Urología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-40852019000300009</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Neuromodulación por electroestimulación del nervio tibial para el tratamiento de enuresis: estado actual]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Neuromodulation through electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve for the treatment of enuresis: current status]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez&#8722;Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palacios-Galicia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas-Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Irma Beatriz]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz-Toscano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Álvaro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yolanda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Tlaxcala]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Urología Avanzada CURA  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Delicias Chihuahua]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Guadalajara Centro Universitario del Norte ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Tlaxcala]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>79</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-40852019000300009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-40852019000300009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-40852019000300009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo:  La enuresis es la incontinencia urinaria en niños y afecta negativamente su calidad de vida provocando estrés sicológico y social. No hay un consenso del uso de la neuromodulación por electroestimulación percutánea del nervio tibial (PTNS por sus siglas en inglés). Esta revisión analiza el estado actual del tratamiento de la enuresis con neuromodulación por PTNS.  Materiales y métodos: Se realizó búsqueda no sistemática de los artículos publicados en inglés y/o español en Pubmed, Cochrane y Scopus en los últimos 10 años.  Resultados:  Se encontró que sólo 5 artículos refieren a la PTNS y enuresis, 3 en inglés y 2 en español. El reporte global de respuesta clínica es de 9% a 85%, con efectos adversos casi nulos, aunque un estudio reportó que en un 20% de pacientes el tratamiento fue inefectivo.  Conclusiones:  La neuromodulación por PTNS para el tratamiento de la enuresis tiene buenos resultados sin embargo, hacen falta estudios controlados para determinar su efecto en el manejo de la enuresis, especialmente la monosintomática.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Objective:  Enuresis is urinary incontinence in children and it negatively affects their quality of life, causing psychologic and social stress. There is no consensus on the treatment of enuresis using neuromodulation through percutaneous, electrical posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS). The present review analyzes the current status of enuresis treatment with neuromodulation through PTNS.  Materials and Methods:  A systematic search in the PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus databases was carried out for articles on enuresis published within the last ten years, in Spanish and English.  Results:  Only 5 articles referred to PTNS and enuresis, 3 in English and 2 in Spanish. The overall clinical response rate was from 9% to 85%, with almost no adverse effects. Treatment was reported as ineffective in 20% of patients in one of the studies.  Conclusions:  Neuromodulation through PTNS offers good results as treatment for enuresis, but controlled studies are needed to determine its therapeutic relevance, especially regarding the monosymptomatic condition.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Enuresis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Tibial nerve]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Neuromodulation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Electrical nerve stimulation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Children]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Enuresis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Nervio Tibial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Neuromodulación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Electroestimulación nerviosa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Niños]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abrams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardozo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Griffiths]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ulmsten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The standardisation of terminology in lower urinary tract function: Report from the standardisation subcommittee of the International Continence Society]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurourol urodynamics]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>167-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coyne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nicholson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kvasz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Milsom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Economic Burden of Urgency Urinary Incontinence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Manag Care Pharm]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>130-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coyne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kopp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abrams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Validation of the Patient Perception of Bladder Condition (PPBC): A Single-Item Global Measure for Patients with Overactive Bladder]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Urol]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1079-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Engelenburg-van Lonkhuyzen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bols]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EMJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benninga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verwijs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Bie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bladder and bowel dysfunctions in 1748 children referred to pelvic physiotherapy: clinical characteristics and locomotor problEMS in primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare settings]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>176</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>207-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maternik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krzeminska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zurowska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The management of childhood urinary incontinence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Nephrol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>41-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nevéus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[von Gontard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoebeke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hjälmås]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bower]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function in children and adolescents: report from the Standardisation Committee of the International Children&#8217;s Continence Society]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Urol]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>176</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>314-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Austin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bower]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chase]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoebeke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function in children and adolescents: Update report from the standardization committee of the International Children&#8217;s Continence Society]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurourol Urodyn]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>471-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anduaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJC y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cuestionario breve de tamizaje y diagnóstico de problemas de salud mental en niños y adolescentes: algoritmos para síndromes y su prevalencia en la Ciudad de México. Segunda parte]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Salud Mental]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>48-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palacios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de la Peña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Guía clínica para el manejo de los trastornos de eliminación (enuresis y encopresis)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berenson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del Bosque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alfaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medina-Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Guías Clínicas Para La Atención de Transtornos Mentales]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>5-21</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Milsom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Altman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Artwright]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Committee 1. Epidemiology of Urinary Incontinence (UI) and other Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) , Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) and Annal Incontinence (AI)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abrams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardozo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wagg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Consultation on Incontinence, Tokyo, September 2016]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<edition>6a</edition>
<page-range>1-92</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[London, UK ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bakhtiar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pournia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ebrahimzadeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farhadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shafizadeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hosseinabadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and its associated factors in primary school and preschool children of khorramabad in 2013]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>2014</volume>
<page-range>120686</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nevéus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nocturnal enuresis-theoretic background and practical guidelines]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Nephrol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1207-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raheem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farahat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El-Gamal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ragab]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Radwan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El-Bahnasy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Role of posterior tibial nerve stimulation in the treatment of refractory monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: a pilot study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Urol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>189</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1514-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schlomer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodriguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weiss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Copp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Parental beliefs about nocturnal enuresis causes, treatments, and the need to seek profesional medical care]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pediatr Urol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1043-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Jesus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tomé]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cobe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camelier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Psychosocial and respiratory disease related to severe bladder dysfunction and non-monosymptomatic enuresis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pediatr Urol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>126</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palacios-Galicia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas-Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efecto de la electroestimulación percutánea del nervio tibial en pacientes con enuresis monosintomática . Experiencia inicial en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Mex Urol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>21-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neveus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eggert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rittig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tekgül]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of and treatment for monosymptomatic enuresis: a standardization document from the International Children&#8217;s Continence Society]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Urol]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>183</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>441-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vandersteen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hollatz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reinberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sacral neuromodulation for the dysfunctional elimination syndrome: a single center experience with 20 children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Urol]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>180</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>306-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barroso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viterbo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bittencourt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lordêlo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Posterior tibial nerve stimulation vs parasacral transcutaneous neuromodulation for overactive bladder in children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Urol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>190</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>673-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patidar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mittal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sureka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ansari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation in pediatric overactive bladder: A preliminary report]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pediatr Urol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>351</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lecompte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J-F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guys]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J-M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Louis-Borrione]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of transcutaneous electrical posterior tibial nerve stimulation for the treatment of fecal and urinary leaks in children: preliminary results]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pediatr Surg]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>630-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wibisono]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rahardjo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effectiveness of Short Term Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation for Non-neurogenic Overactive Bladder Syndrome in Adults: A Meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Med Indones]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>188-200</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liberati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tetzlaff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Altman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<collab>PRISMA Group</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Preferred reporting itEMS for systematic reviews and metaanalyses: the PRISMA statement]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS Med]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Balken]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vergunst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bemelmans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BLH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The use of electrical devices for the treatment of bladder dysfunction: a review of methods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Urol]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>172</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>846-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Capitanucci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camanni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Demelas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mosiello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaccara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Gennaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Longterm efficacy of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for different types of lower urinary tract dysfunction in children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Urol]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>182</volume>
<numero>^s4</numero>
<issue>^s4</issue>
<supplement>4</supplement>
<page-range>2056-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández-Pineda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Espejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández Hurtado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrero Candau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Merino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[[Biofeedback and electrostimulation in the treatment of non monosymptomatic enuresis]]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cir Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>89-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Groat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Griffiths]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yoshimura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Neural control of the lower urinary tract]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Compr Physiol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>327-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rickenbacher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leiser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zderic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valentino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of overactive bladder on the brain: Central sequelae of a visceral pathology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PNAS]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<numero>30</numero>
<issue>30</issue>
<page-range>10589-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerasimenko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taccola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edgerton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Neuromodulation of the neural circuits controlling the lower urinary tract]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Exp Neurol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>285</volume>
<page-range>182-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amend]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matzel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abrams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Groat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sievert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K-D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How does neuromodulation work]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurourol Urodyn]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>762-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McGee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modeling the spinal pudendo-vesical reflex for bladder control by pudendal afferent stimulation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Comput Neurosci]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>283-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Groat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ryall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Recurrent inhibition in sacral parasympathetic pathways to the bladder]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Physiol (Lond)]]></source>
<year>1968</year>
<volume>196</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>579-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matsuta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mally]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roppolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contribution of opioid and metabotropic glutamate receptor mechanisms to inhibition of bladder overactivity by tibial nerve stimulation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>305</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>R126-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Finazzi-Agrò]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rocchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pachatz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation produces effects on brain activity: study on the modifications of the long latency somatosensory evoked potentials]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurourol Urodyn]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>320-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wright]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haddad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Electroneurostimulation for the management of bladder bowel dysfunction in childhood]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Paediatr Neurol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>67-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Gennaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Capitanucci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mosiello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaccara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Current state of nerve stimulation technique for lower urinary tract dysfunction in children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Urol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>185</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1571-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
