<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-3364</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Therya]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Therya]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-3364</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-33642022000300295</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12933/therya-22-2124</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Bison wallows effect on soil properties, vegetation composition and structure in a recently reintroduced area]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nolasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Laura]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siebe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ceballos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gerardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[List]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rurik]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Ecología Laboratorio de Ecología y Conservación de Fauna Silvestre]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,AECOM  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Geología Laboratorio Nacional de Geoquímica y Mineralogía]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales Área de Investigación en Biología de la Conservación]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lerma Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>295</fpage>
<lpage>305</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-33642022000300295&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-33642022000300295&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-33642022000300295&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Bison are considered an ecologically keystone species of the North American grasslands because their activities influence ecosystem dynamics and interactions, particularly their wallowing behavior. In 2009, 23 bison were reintroduced within a 1,500 ha private native semi-arid grassland in Janos, Chihuahua. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of bison wallows on the composition and structure of the vegetation, on species composition of annual grasses, and soil properties. Soil and vegetation samples were taken from inside the wallows and were compared against the samples obtained outside the wallows from late August to early September. The percentage of plant cover and the height of the foliage were measured inside and outside the wallow. Soil cores were taken, and the presence of soluble salts, moisture retention capacity, percentage of clay, and concentration of nutrients was determined. The three associations preferred by bison for wallowing were toboso grassland, vine mesquite and annual grassland. Of the 27 species of grasses and forbs recorded in the three plant associations mostly used for wallowing, we found that 17 species were present inside and outside wallows. Five different species were found only inside wallows and another five, only outside of wallows. The annual grassland plants had a greater height outside the wallows. The toboso grassland association presented higher soil moisture, likely related to the higher percentage of clay, and the annual grassland presented the highest bulk density (BD) inside the wallows, which limited plant growth in this association. Soils in other associations did not show significant differences in BD among them, mainly due to their finer texture. No significant effect of the wallows on nutrient concentrations was recorded. The lack of significant differences related to bison activities could be related to the brief period since the herd was reintroduced to the site. These differences might become apparent over time with a larger herd. For this reason, we conclude that the current differences in the soil properties are mainly due to geomorphological processes. That is, at this stage after the reintroduction, the grasslands are responding to soil characteristics, and not to the activity of the bison.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Los bisontes son considerados una especie ecológicamente clave de los pastizales de Norteamérica debido a que sus actividades, particularmente el revolcarse, influyen en la dinámica del ecosistema y las interacciones. En 2009, 23 bisontes fueron reintroducidos dentro de un predio privado de pastizal semi-árido de 1,500 ha, en Janos, Chihuahua. Nuestro objetivo era evaluar el efecto de los revolcaderos de bisonte en la composición y estructura de la vegetación, en la composición de especies de pastos anuales, y en las propiedades del suelo. Se tomaron muestras de suelo y vegetación del interior de los revolcaderos, y se compararon con las muestras extraídas del exterior de los revolcaderos, de fines de agosto a principios de septiembre. Se midió el porcentaje de cobertura vegetal y la altura del follaje dentro y fuera del revolcadero. Se tomaron muestras de suelo y se determinó la presencia de sales solubles, capacidad de retención de humedad, porcentaje de arcilla y concentración de nutrientes. Tres asociaciones fueron preferidas por los bisontes para revolcarse: pastizal de toboso, pastizal de zacate guía y pastizal anual. La frecuencia en la conducta de revolcarse fue mayor en el verano y menor en invierno. De las 27 especies de pastos y hierbas registradas en las tres asociaciones de plantas seleccionadas, 17 estaban presentes dentro y fuera de los revolcaderos. Se encontraron cinco especies diferentes solo dentro de los revolcaderos y otras cinco, solo fuera de los revolcaderos. Las plantas anuales de los pastizales tenían una mayor altura fuera de los revolcaderos. La asociación pastizal de toboso presentó mayor humedad del suelo, probablemente relacionada con el mayor porcentaje de arcilla, y el pastizal anual presentó la mayor densidad aparente (BD) dentro de los revolcaderos, lo que limitó el crecimiento de las plantas en esta asociación. Los suelos en otras asociaciones no mostraron diferencias significativas en BD, principalmente debido a su textura más fina. No se registró ningún efecto significativo de los revolcaderos sobre las concentraciones de nutrientes. La falta de diferencias significativas relacionadas con las actividades de los bisontes podría estar relacionada con el breve periodo desde que la manada fue reintroducida en el sitio. Estas diferencias pueden hacerse evidentes a lo largo del tiempo con una manada más numerosa. Por esta razón, podemos concluir que las diferencias actuales en las propiedades del suelo se deben principalmente a procesos geomorfológicos. Es decir, los pastos están respondiendo a las características del suelo y no a la actividad de los bisontes. Sin embargo, este estudio representa una línea base para evaluar el efecto de los revolcaderos a mediano y largo plazo.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Baseline study]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ecological effect]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ecological recovery]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[grassland restoration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[reintroduction of vertebrates]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[soil compaction]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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